Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Twofold Blind Randomized Controlled Trial The controlled and randomized twofold visually impaired preliminaries allude to a circumstance wherein a medication examiner is curious about with the idea of a medication. The term may likewise imply that a researcher doesn't understand that a medication is being tried possibly for specific ailments. Such prescriptions might be under reconnaissance, and they are just managed in a little recommended sum if there should be an occurrence of any symptoms. For a run of the mill logical examination, the wants, desires and convictions can subliminally impact, frequently, how individuals see things.In clinical exploration and primer brain research, these qualities are extensively perceived, along these lines clarifying the method of reasoning on why concentrates from subjects are normally completed under both visually impaired and twofold visually impaired circumstances. There is overwhelming exact help, which uncovers that the desire and mentality of experimenters can really greatly affect the aftereffect of investigations (Schulz and Grimes, 2002). In a circumstance including single-daze analyzes, an analyst can't recognize various examples of treatment.However, when people are concerned, for example, in exploratory brain research and medication, twofold visually impaired occasions can be utilized to watch against the expectation of the two specialists and their subjects. For example, in a twofold visually impaired clinical preliminary, tablets of medications might be managed to patients. Neither patients nor scientists are aware of such investigations, and the key misleading impacts commonly occur during preliminaries. At this stage, the two doctors and patients consider an incredible new treatment is being tested.The static tablets are obligated to work like the fix being thought of, and can even incite its particular outcomes. Additionally, experimenter desire impacts are perceived in test brain science, and furthermore t urn up in explores on creature exercises (Schulz and Grimes, 2002). In a dazzling recorded depiction, Schulz and Grimes (2002) have uncovered that visually impaired assessment originally started towards the finish of the eighteenth century as an instrument for extortion revelation mounted by persuasive commonplace researchers and specialists to debate the supposed dreams or charlatanism of extraordinary drug.Some of the underlying explores were made to survey trance, and were carefully performed with blindfolds. The use of visually impaired assessment had been actualized by the nineteenth century by homeopaths, and by mid fourteenth century, was directed by psychical agents and analysts. Be that as it may, during the 1930s, the limit of visually impaired strategies converged with no-fix control bunch in clinical tests was comprehensively recognized by a dominant part of wellbeing scientists, and only resulting to World War II blinded tests in unsystematic controlled appraisal turned into a regular and standardizing procedure.In drug and brain research, dazzle testing started as anticipation against the eccentric, yet its widespread hugeness has been famous for conventional investigation; it has been disguised. While inspectors in unconventional clinical and their distrustful feature writers have been aware of the feasible effects of expectation and confidence for more than 200 years, and ordinary wellbeing travelers and analysts for quite a long time, this information ha spread widely all through the logical society.The convictions and possibilities in different experimenters in different parts of science appear to be disregarded. There seems, by all accounts, to be a certain speculation that researchers in customary grounds of study are impervious to the expansive code that qualities, needs and prospects can control, every now and again subliminally, how we see and reason things (Schulz and Grimes, 2002). This distributed report in the logical writing assesse s how frequently daze measures were utilized in differing parts of science.University science areas were mentioned to clarify whether dark systems were prepared or tested upon. The result uncovers that visually impaired strategies are only here and there if at any point cultivated or prepared in any of the three sciences. The utilization of visually impaired measures in different parts of science presents a check of the essentialness scientists around there join to experimenter impacts.

Psychological Perspectives on Organisation Essay

Mental Perspectives on Organization - Essay Example Thus, the information on center psycho diagnostic ideas becomes significant apparatuses to the authority for understanding the authoritative conduct. The comprehension of psychoanalytical ideas gives important data with respect to the socio-mental components that antagonistically influence the presentation result of the workforce. Oblivious and constraint, transference, jealousy and contention are hardly any significant ideas that impressively impact the human instinct and thus the conduct of the association. Freud, the famous socio-analyst has contributed widely towards comprehension of these center psychoanalytical fixings so the one is better ready to dissect human conduct inside the recommended accepted practices. Social researchers have validated that the psycho-expository points of view are significant instruments for understanding the concealed elements of human relationship, particularly as to corporate culture, social safeguards, administration goals, inspiration and different ideal models related with hierarchical conduct (Levinson, 1972, 2002; DeBoard, 1978; Czander, 1993; Gabriel, 1999). The comprehension outfits the a uthority with the vital information to advance certainty assembling and reinforce relational comprehension with the gathering, inside the association. The hypothesis of insight attempts to clarify why and how the occasions occur and resulting example of conduct of man under certain condition including enthusiastic and mystical response. The job of cerebrum and cognizant and oblivious exercises of the brain are believed to be the answerable for the general conduct of man. The cognizant and oblivious working of our psyche is emphatically co-related with our experience of the item reality. The cognizant brain comprehends and deciphers the sensations as indicated by the incomplete or complete review of the occasions. Then again, sub cognizant psyche could conceivably

Communications and Media Digital Media

Correspondences and Media Digital Media Presentation Digital media is digitized substance, for example, designs, content, video and sound that can be transmitted over the web and the PC systems. It is likewise a sort of electronic media in which information is put away and transmitted in advanced structure in opposition to the standard simple form.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Communications and Media: Digital Media explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The transformation and handling of the data in a computerized media happens in an advanced organization. There are a few instances of computerized media, yet this paper is just going to examine the advanced TV as a type of advanced media (Jordan 15). Advanced Television (DTV) Digital TV is the transmission of video and sound in multiplexed signal, which is carefully handled instead of the simple information of the diverted isolated signs of a non computerized TV. It implies the adjustment and usage of a differentiated number of broadcasting gauges, which incorporate the propelled TV framework board of trustees (ATSC), the computerized video broadcasting earthly (DVB-T), the earthbound coordinated administrations advanced telecom (ISDB-T) and the computerized earthly mixed media broadcasting (DTMB) (Kruger and Guerrero 31). The propelled TV framework board framework utilizes the 8 level minimal sideband for broadcasting earthbound while the advanced video broadcasting earthbound framework uses the coded symmetrical recurrence division multiplexing balance and furthermore bolsters the various leveled transmission. The United States and some other hardly any districts are the main ones that have embraced the propelled TV framework board of trustees (ATSC). The computerized video broadcasting earthly has to an enormous degree been received by most nations in Europe. Then again, the earthbound coordinated administrations computerized broadcasting has a structure that offers great gathering to collectors that a re fixed as well as to the versatile or compact beneficiaries. This framework uses the two dimensional interleaving and the OFDM. The progressive transmission underpins up to three layers other than utilizing the propelled sound coding and the MPEG-2 video. Japan is the main nation that has prominently embraced this standard.Advertising Looking for explore paper on interchanges media? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Meanwhile, the advanced earthbound media broadcasting uses the time area coordinated (TDS)- OFDM innovation that utilizes a pseudo irregular sign edge that fills in as the preparation image OFDM block’s gaurd interim. The DTMB standard has been received in the People’s Republic of China, Macau and Hong Kong. The communicate TV frameworks are upheld by the computerized TV, which is shown utilizing a blend part of proportion and size. The computerized earthbound TV broadcasting partitions the configu ration ranges into the standard definition TV (SDTV) and the superior quality TV (HDTV). The top notch TV transmits the superior quality video and can be transmitted over DTV in either the 1280*720 pixels utilizing the dynamic sweep mode or the 1920ãâ€"1080 pixels by the utilization of intertwined video mode. Them two require the 16:9 perspective proportion for transmission. This makes the superior quality TV unequipped for being transmitted utilizing the simple frameworks that most present TVs use. This helps control the issues that emerge because of channel limit. The standard definition TV utilizes distinctive innovative arrangements relying upon the mechanical uses of the regional nation. Take these examples remember the utilization of 4:3 communicates for 640ãâ€"480 arrangement in NTSC nations and 720ãâ€"576 in PAL nations. The 16:9 communicates utilizes the 704ãâ€"480 arrangement in NTSC nations and 720ãâ€"576 in PAL nations. So as to spare the groups, these goals can be decreased by supporters (Benoit 46). End Digital media has changed the media business and made information stockpiling, preparing and transmission simpler. In this occasion numerous media players have grasped such advances in their tasks. The advanced TV has guaranteed that the simple TV framework remains in the past as it gives the watchers crystalline clear pictures. It ought to consequently be the best approach for each medium house and each viewer.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Communications and Media: Digital Media explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Benoit, Herve. Computerized Television: MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and Principles of the Dvb System. Oxford: Focal Press, 2002. Print. Jordan, Peter. Advanced Media. Ultimo: Career FAQs, 2007. Print. Kruger, Lennard G., and Peter F, Guerrero. Advanced Television: An Overview. Hauppauge:Nova Publishers, 2002. Print.

Gross Domestic Product and Living Standards Essay

Total national output and Living Standards - Essay Example This paper is being done to assess and introduce three comparable methodologies in figuring the GDP: the worth included methodology which takes a gander at the creation of firms; the pay approach which figures out where firms spend their incomes; and uses approach which evaluates where family units spent their salary (How Do We Measure GDP 1). Despite the fact that every one of these methodologies think of a similar incentive for GDP, the most usually utilized strategy is the use approach. In this condition, utilization and speculation speak to the sum spent on definite products and ventures. In the interim, the fare less imports in the condition which is frequently alluded to as net fares is a strategy for altering the uses on merchandise created abroad (imports) and including back in the items and administrations not devoured locally (exports).â where private utilization speaks to the greater part of family units uses on food, lodging, and so on.; where government utilization spea ks to the total of governments spending on conclusive merchandise and ventures, for example, pay rates of the community worker, acquisition of weapons for the military, and so on.; where speculation is characterized as business interest in the economy, and net fares show the distinction between net fares and gross imports (Gross Domestic Product 2-8). Gross domestic product is one of the most well known estimations of riches in a specific nation. As talked about above, GDP gauges the measure of creation in a specific economy on a yearly premise. Since the measure of creation means that how much information an economy has and how effective its innovation is in changing over these contribution to definite products and ventures, it is likewise an intense pointer of the limit and capacity of an economy. An ascent in genuine GDP shows an ascent in the general creation which additionally flags more productivity in the economy in the use of its assets. Utilizing another methodology, the GD P is additionally a ramifications of the measure of riches in the nation as it summarizes the uses of the considerable number of players in the economy. Review it in another manner, GDP means that how much cash every part has in the economy to have the option to buy last products and enterprises. To put it plainly, GDP is a pointer of a nation's buying power as GDP speaks to the aggregate of buys all the economy players make in a year. Gross domestic product is in this manner contended as one of the pointers of an economy's way of life as an expansion in GDP means more merchandise and enterprises being delivered and devoured (GDP and Living Standards 1). GDP can likewise be utilized as a marker of the issues that an economy faces at a specific time. As GDP is made out of the exhibitions of on-screen characters in the economy, the condition is utilized to pinpoint a specific part which isn't performing productively. For instance, a reduction in GDP is seen in a specific year. The r eason for the compression of the GDP can be followed in the condition by taking a gander at the qualities recorded by various players.â

Media and the People :: essays research papers

Numerous catastrophes, passings and other well known activities happen regularly around the globe, and we the individuals, depend on media to cover these records in full detail. News stories and the media are two subjects that go inseparably with one another while talking about the view of a world theme. Giving the media this capacity to depict the record likewise enables them to the other side a specific story. Frequently misleading indictments are made and wrong individuals are accused, for no other explanation than the media pointing fingers in wrong ways. The media likewise has the ability to befuddle, for as one media program may cover a record to be the fault of one man and another media program to be fault of another. The media has been given a lot of intensity with impacting the contemplations of individuals over the world. Take in      The war with Iraq has started a wide range of perspectives and points of view in the media world. Such mainstream subjects of conversation with supporters and reports have been: Is Busch to fault? Is the War extremely essential? Is the US staying its nose where it shouldn’t be? Thus the rundown goes on for all eternity. With such a mainstream universal subject, for example, this, the media has the ability to separate it to each and every angle as long as the watcher is intrigued. Who is the chief, who is the one that picks who is genuinely to blame? How would we know the media doesn’t change sees dependent on which nation its news is communicating in? With America at war with Iraq, do American TVs state Iraq executes 10 U.S. troopers, while an Iraqi one expresses that U.S. attacks nation to dominate?      The heart of any media article or report is in the tone, viewpoint, and substance. Albeit both of these articles are one two distinctive explicit sub-points, they are both on a similar subject; and with having a similar theme they additionally both offer a similar tone. The two of them share a similar point of view of a blameworthy Iraq. With respect to the substance; they are generally comparable aside from that the subsequent article, â€Å"Pentagon: 110 U.S. Troops Killed in Iraq†, is somewhat more illuminated towards the U.S. assuming some fault. The two bits of media material I have checked on share numerous likenesses yet numerous distinctions in tone, point of view and substance. Both of these pieces spread essentially a similar subject of the war in Iraq. Media and the People :: expositions examine papers Numerous catastrophes, passings and other famous activities happen regularly around the globe, and we the individuals, depend on media to cover these records in full detail. News stories and the media are two subjects that go connected at the hip with one another while talking about the view of a world theme. Giving the media this capacity to portray the record likewise enables them to the other side a specific story. Regularly misleading indictments are made and wrong individuals are accused, for no other explanation than the media pointing fingers in wrong ways. The media additionally has the ability to befuddle, for as one media program may cover a record to be the fault of one man and another media program to be fault of another. The media has been given a lot of intensity with affecting the contemplations of individuals over the world. Take in      The war with Iraq has started a wide range of perspectives and points of view in the media world. Such well known subjects of conversation with supporters and reports have been: Is Busch to fault? Is the War extremely essential? Is the US staying its nose where it shouldn’t be? Thus the rundown goes on for all eternity. With such a well known worldwide point, for example, this, the media has the ability to separate it to each and every angle as long as the watcher is intrigued. Who is the chief, who is the one that picks who is genuinely to blame? How would we know the media doesn’t change sees dependent on which nation its news is communicating in? With America at war with Iraq, do American TVs state Iraq slaughters 10 U.S. troopers, while an Iraqi one expresses that U.S. attacks nation to dominate?      The heart of any media article or report is in the tone, point of view, and substance. Albeit both of these articles are one two distinctive explicit sub-themes, they are both on a similar point; and with having a similar subject they likewise both offer a similar tone. The two of them share a similar point of view of a blameworthy Iraq. Concerning the substance; they are for the most part comparable aside from that the subsequent article, â€Å"Pentagon: 110 U.S. Troops Killed in Iraq†, is somewhat more illuminated towards the U.S. assuming some fault. The two bits of media material I have explored share numerous similitudes yet numerous distinctions in tone, point of view and substance. Both of these pieces spread essentially a similar subject of the war in Iraq.

Making Sense of the Prohibition of Prostitution - Free Essay Example

In the modern world progress is made in abolishing stigmas and prejudices that exist from the past and limit modern life. In Colorado and Washington, for example, the formerly illegal drug marijuana has been fully decriminalized and is legal for both recreational and medical use. In January of this year, California followed suit and Ohio has made marijuana legal for medicinal purposes. In the example of marijuana, main arguments were used that the crime in question does not hurt others but is self inflicted, many viable resources of law enforcement were being used to apprehend the perpetrators, and ultimately that prohibition of an item or service people want will not make the demand disappear, only make it be pursued illegally. Arguably, the same can be said for prostitution. There are many more emotional connotations prostitution carries with it that make legalization far more apprehensive to the public, but the same principles can be applied. If a complete prohibition of prostitution were to be lifted and replaced by regulations to keep sex workers safe, society would benefit. The United States of America is actually surprisingly old fashioned in its methods of dealing with the issue of prostitution compared to many other first world countries. Nations like China, Russia, and Saudi Arabia are seldom shown to be similar to the United States as opposed to Canada, Germany, and The United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom and Canada, sex work is decriminalized to an extent, and in Germany prostitution is fully legalized. So why then does the United States continue to practice laws that are out of date and have clearly superior counterparts in other modern countries? There is a metaphorical mountain of emotional weight the subject carries that makes it a topic most people do not wish to talk about. People often counter legalization arguments with pathos rhetoric, pointing out the horrific lives prostitutes are forced to live. Exclaiming how these women are stripped of their dignity for money. However this rhetoric is flawed in implying that since prostitution is unethical, it should be banned to make the process go away. There are very few people who would argue that prostitution is something fair or safe in its nature. As history and politics show prohibition does not mean anything more than a lack of recognition. In reality, there are sex workers and there always will be. Prostitution itself is an issue due to its unethical nature, but the problem is simply not being addressed by its banning. Sex Works prohibition is a cause of many of its vices, such as abusive pimps and danger of the clientele. What the public should be considering are ways o f making prostitution safer for both the women who sex work and their male clients. As with the prohibition of Marijuana and of Alcohol, it is clear to see making a certain item or service illegal that many people want is simply turning the demand from a lawful and regulated source to the streets and black market. With both other substances the public has recognized that people will use alcohol and marijuana at similar rates whether it is legal or illegal. The main difference when it comes to laws regarding prostitution is the emotional stigma and connotational weight that insights fear of furthering and expanding the process by lifting laws which prohibit it. Sex work in The United States of America is an extremely dangerous profession. Over 100 prostitutes in the San Francisco area were interviewed in a study done by Doctor Howard Barkan. 82% of these women had said they were assaulted while working. 83% claimed to have been threatened with a weapon. Horrifyingly, 68% said that they had been raped while sex working. Many prostitutes turn to pimps when they are in need of management or protection, but pimps are very often abusive to their sex workers in the same way their clients could be. Pimps can also intertwine these womens lives with other illegal and dangerous activities, such as drug trafficking and gang affiliation. If the prohibition was lifted, it could allow for regulations to make sex workers lives far safer. With a legalization, new policies such as registration and background checks could be implemented to keep prostitutes away from domestic violence and abuse. Even in countries such as the United Kingdom, there are certain . If two or more sex workers are colliding together for almost any purpose, it can be classified as a brothel and they can be jailed and fined. Fining the laborers who work in the illegal sex trade is a completely counterproductive measure. Prostitutes are almost never in their profession by choice, it is almost always an issue with money where selling their body was the most viable option for them. In the aforementioned study by Doctor Barkan, 84% of sex workers said they had been homeless in the past or were currently homeless. In the same study 88% of the women said that they wanted to leave prostitution. By charging these desperate women for doing a job that they are only doing to relieve themselves of their economic difficulties, the law is forcing these sex workers to continue their illegal work just to pay off their charges for having prostituted themselves in the beginning.

New Ideas Into Media Argumentative Essay Topics Never Before Revealed

New Ideas Into Media Argumentative Essay Topics Never Before Revealed The Basic Facts of Media Argumentative Essay Topics You understanding the way to do something i am pleased with sources. Preferably, it ought to be something that you're an expert in. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you presently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. The issue is that everybody's interpretation of what makes a great society differs. A superb argument demands the usage of logic and irrefutable evidence. Regardless of the topic that you're exploring in your argumentative essay, following principles of the structure ought to be maintained to have a decent level. When you are requested to select a great topic for your argument, start with something you're acquainted with. For instance, there isn't any way you are able to argue on this issue of whether humans walk on two legs because it is a known fact with no attached debate. The Secret to Media Argumentative Essay Topics Now, it's very tough to be aloof from all elements of mass media. Thus, the effect of mass media can't be overstated. Relevant Topics that are related to your society will engage the reader in the most effective possible method. 1 important and appropriate subject is technology. Here's What I Know About Media Argumentative Essay Topics Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't difficult to discover. So be certain that you decide on a subject, which has values in it. Thus, it's important to read corresponding formatting guide. You may use many examples that can be found on the web free of charge. The role of assigning an essay to middle school students is to make awareness and permit them to develop writing skills. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on distinct views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. Therefore, many stu dents and employees decide to obtain low-cost essay rather than writing it themselves. Every student who would like to execute a great academic paper can use mentioned subjects and example argumentative essay to do an outstanding work. The True Meaning of Media Argumentative Essay Topics The cost of an essay is dependent upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering an idea that might be a huge deal to somebody else. It is not hard to view and find a lot of ideas online. It isn't hard to discover numerous terrific ideas online. Argumentative essays are a few of the best that you can write as a student. Argumentative topics can be a number of the widest-reaching essay assignments on Earth. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Young writers may try simple on-line citation generators which are normally at no cost. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points that you could counter to your own points. If you're in a college and wish to compose an argumentative essay, you should select a subject of high importance. Therefore, you can ask all the essential questions and consult on some points. This information will be useful. When choosing an issue to argue, you have to settle on a topic that has more than 1 side. As soon as you have the topic, answer the question and support your answer with three or more explanations for why you believe it. You can be totally sure your paper is going to be delivered in time and be of the maximum quality. Our writers are highly competent so you are able to place your order for any custom essay with no hesita tion. Our crew of essay writers works with any types of academic papers for many decades. The perfect way to be a prosperous student is to seek the services of an expert paper writer. Media Argumentative Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! Therefore don't be concerned about writing homework and get our paper help whenever possible. Books should not be banned. Introduction Your introduction ought to be compelling. It is crucial to pick a great topic to be able to compose a good paper. In fact, academic papers can grow to be not merely an easy homework but in addition real argumentative masterpieces. To compose a strong argumentative essay, students should start by familiarizing themselves with a number of the common, and frequently conflicting, positions on the research topic so they can write an educated paper. You will be assigned a topic, or your professor will allow you to select your own. It's possible to go for an intriguing topic from any area of science. You' ll certainly lose the argument if nobody would like to read your essay. Instead of just immediately writing about your argumentative essay topic, you should first think about what you're likely to put back on your paper through a procedure of brainstorming and pre-writing. There are several steps which you should take as a way to compose an outstanding essay. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most essential issue to do is to select a topic and an argument you could really get behind. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's critical to at all times be critically contemplating the world around us. It is all about arguing and debating on a topic, which is debatable. An argumentative essay is a certain sort of academic writing. It does not include unsubstantiated opinions. Characteristics of Media Argumentative Essay Topics It is extremely easy to locate such a topic and also write this kind of essay as long as you adhere to a few standard rules. If you get to select your own topic, that's good. Therefore, the topic ought to be debatable! Your topic has to be clear and understandable. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. Researching the topic will permit you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you really like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. Choosing topics for argumentative essays is important for your general success.

Essay about Sir Gawain and the Green Knight - 964 Words

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight In this passage taken from Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Lines 1623-1718, the reader sees how Sir Gawain is the hero of the poem, through the tests of the host. Sir Gawain is speaking to the host of the castle where he is staying for a few days before journeying on to the Green Chapel. The host has just returned from hunting and killing some boar. While the host is out hunting for the boar, we learn that Sir Gawain is developing a love interest in a special lady friend, the wife of the host, who makes several attempts to seduce him. Before this hunt, Gawain and the host make a promise to each other that they will exchange whatever they may win that day for the others winnings. The host gives Sir†¦show more content†¦Do the kisses symbolize a feeling of affection between Gawain and the host, or is this just done because they have made a promise to each other? Although it is never really made clear in the text, I feel that the kisses are exchanged because of the agreement th at they made between each other. Another scene in the passage that is striking is the flurtation between Gawain and the hosts wife. And ever our gallant knight beside the gay lady; So uncommonly kind and complaisant was she; With sweet stolen glances, that stirred his stout heart; That he was at his wits end, and wondrous vexed (Norton, 236, lines 1657-1660.) I found this scene to be quite humorous, and I am also able to see Gawain falling for her each time she comes to visit him. The scene adds a little flavor to the passage, even though it is another concealed test in Gawains journey to the Green Knights chapel. The language used in this passage shows that both the host and Gawain are not afraid of anything. The is shown in the section of the passage where the host returns from killing the boar Of the battle of the boar they beset in the wood; The other man meetly commended his deeds; And praised well the prize of his princely sport (Norton, 235-236, lines 1628-1630.) This is also shown in the section of the passage where the host tells Gawain how he has tested him twice and will be testing him a third time: For I have testedShow MoreRelatedSir Gawain And The Green Knight1359 Words   |  6 PagesIn the poem â€Å"Sir Gawain and The Green Knight,† a protagonist emerges depicting an Arthurian knight named Sir Gawain. Sir Gawain, King Arthur’s nephew, takes initiative by accepting the challenge requested by the Green Knight in place of his uncle. He undergoes a perilous adventure, seeking for the Green Knight to receive the final blow. Although Sir Gawain is not viewed as a hero for his military accomplishments, he is, however, viewed as a heroic figure by the Knights at the Round Table for hisRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight862 Words   |  4 PagesIn Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, by an unknown author referred to as the â€Å"Pearl Poet,† we are introduced to Sir Gawain. Gawain is a knight of the Round Table and he is also the nephew of King Arthur. As a knight, Gawain is expected to possess and abide by many chivalrous facets. Throughout the poem he portrays many of the qualities a knight should possess, such as bravery, courtesy, and honor among others. Because of his ability to possess these virtues even when tempted to stray away from themRead MoreSir Gawain and the Green Knight1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe poem of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight compares a super natural creature to nature. The mystery of the poem is ironic to the anonymous author. The story dates back into the fourteenth century, but no one knows who originally wrote the poem. This unknown author explains in the poem of Sir Gawain not knowing of the location of the Green Chapel and or who the Green Knight really is. This keeps the reader entertained with the suspicion of not knowing. The author then does not give his name orRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight contains ambiguity and irony that make it interesting to read and teach. Gawain’s conflict arose when he accepted the girdle that could protect him and when he lied to his host, severing fellowship with the lord for courtesy with the lady. By utilizing a social reconstructionist philosophy of teaching that emphasizes personal beliefs and ethics, a teacher will help the students establish their identities and learn to appreciate classic literature. Sir Gawain and theRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1514 Words   |  7 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight is an epic poem written in the mid to late fourt eenth century by an unknown author. Throughout the tale, Sir Gawain, a Knight at the Round Table in Camelot, is presented with many hardships, the first being a challenge on Christmas by a man in which, â€Å"Everything about him was an elegant green† (161). This â€Å"Green Knight† challenged someone in Camelot to accept his game which they will chop off his head with his axe and the Green Knight will do the same to the playerRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1335 Words   |  6 PagesSir Gawain: The Ironic Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a tale of the utmost irony in which Sir Gawain, the most loyal and courteous of all of King Arthur’s knights, fails utterly to be loyal and courteous to his king, his host, his vows, and his God. In each case, Sir Gawain not only fails to perform well, but performs particularly poorly, especially in the case of his relationship with God. Ultimately, Sir Gawain chooses magic over faith, and by doing so, shows his ironic nature as aRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight906 Words   |  4 Pagesusually the latter. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight we see Sir Bertilak go off to hunt three very specific animals as a game with Sir Gawain. They agree that â€Å"what ever [Bertilak catches] in the wood shall become [Sir Gawain’s], and what ever mishap comes [Sir Gawain’s] way will be given to [Bertilak] in exchange.† (Sir Gawain†¦, ln 1105-1007). In this deal we slowly see Gawain loose his honor as paralleled with Sir B ertilak’s hunt. The first animal that is hunted by the knight is a deer, while thisRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesFall 16 Donnelly Many years ago, knights were expected to form a certain type of relationship with their king, this relationship was otherwise known as fealty. Fealty is a knight’s sworn loyalty to their king (in other words a loyal relationship should be formed between the two). The use of this relationship is shown in the poem called â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† ( the author is unknown). This poem has a classic quest type of formula, with a knight receiving a challenge and then going outRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1455 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, for Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight temptation existed around every corner while he was playing the game of the Green Knight. Temptation existed every day and each day it existed in a new way. Gawain never knew what was coming his way throughout the grand scheme of the game, but one thing was for certain he was being tested. Without his reliance religious faith and dedication to his reputation, Gawain wo uld not have been able to make it through the game of the Green Knight alive andRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesBoth Sir Gawain, from â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† translated by Marie Borroff, and Beowulf, from Beowulf translated by Burton Raffel, serve as heroes in different times of Medieval English Literature. Many of the basic principles that describe heroes in Medieval Literature are seen in both of these characters even though they were written in different times. There are distinct similarities, differences, and also a progression of what the hero was in English literature, between Sir Gawain and

Police Brutality Essay - 1101 Words

Police brutality is wrong and it shouldnt have to happen but it does. It happens more to Blacks. In the article Racism and Police Brutality in America, by Cassandra Chaney, she writes about how police officers are perceived as well as police brutality. She incorporates statistics on police from the National Police Misconduct Statistics and Reporting Project to support her claims as well as using them for evidence. To begin, police brutality is when a police officer uses excessive physical or verbal force, more than needed, as a way to intimidate someone. This has been happening in the last couple of years where police officers have used too much force on an individual. Chaney writes that according to some research done by some†¦show more content†¦To become a Police Officer, one is only required a high school diploma. Chaney and I acknowledge that the lack of education, but that does not justify police brutality and their actions, at least it shouldnt. Should the well-being of a society suffer because a police officer is uneducated? Many may argue that police officers should be cut some slack because they are people too. But, that is not a good enough argument because before someone can call themselves a police officer, they must be trained on how to handle stressful situations. Chaney does a good way of saying it by stating that even though criminals are also people like everybody else, that doesn’t stop the law from [punishing them] for their crimes and wrong doings. If you follow the argument that police officers are also people, then they also need to get punished for their crime. In her article, Chaney acknowledges that it’s a tough [and] dangerous job but she claims it as a false argument because there are many jobs [that] are tough and dangerous besides the job of being a police officer. Just because a job is both dangerous and tough, it doesnt justify anyone to violate... their authority and be able to get away with it. As I acknowledged before, many may argue that police officers face high stress situations. Well, according to the article The Search for Reasonableness in Use-of-Force Cases:Show MoreRelatedPolice Brutality Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesPolice Brutality against African American people has begun to take a toll on our communities. African American communities cannot even trust the police, because of the way they are being treated unfairly by a police officers of them distract or their state. Which is why the police are being coming more advanced in technology, but still fail to use their powers as an officer correctly. This cause the police officers are using misconduct against African American people when confronted by them. ThisRead MorePolice Brutality Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pagesenforcement, police brutality has become a big problem within the United States. Granted, police brutality has been around for many years, but it was not as alarming as it has become now. Every day, minorities look over their shoulder and are becoming more scared as they do not want to become the next victim of a police brutality incident. Police brutality is the unwarranted or excessive and often illegal use of force against civilians by U.S. police officers. There are many forms of police brutality, whichRead MorePersuasive Essay On Police Brutality1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe fear of being killed by the ones who are supposed to protect you just keeps growing in the United States. Yes this essay is about the brushed off topic of police brutality and how it’s got to be stopped before it gets even way more out of hand. It’s just scary to think that the people who are supposed to protect you have a never ending list of just names and ages which they were responsible for killing. The ages of the deaths go to as young as 14 to all the way to 70 the lives of kids and elderlyRead MoreEssay On Police Brutality1123 Words   |  5 PagesPolice brutality is the lavish p hysical assault or verbal assault during police procedures which can involve interrogating or apprehending a suspect. Police brutality originated from the labor worker strikes in the 1800’s through the 1900’s. The violent brutal act of these officers usually formed around the lower socioeconomic class. Since then police brutality has hit an all-time high in the 21st century. In New York alone there has been reportedly over 72 police brutality reports some reportsRead MoreEssay on Police Brutality3199 Words   |  13 PagesPolice Brutality Government policies reflect choices made among conflicting values and many different people, groups, and institutions influence policy decisions. Police brutality is influenced by many, such as our American political ideals of civil rights and liberties, the political process in terms of the media and our political institutions, one which the courts. CIVIL RIGHTS:Whats are out civil rights and liberties relating to the public policy issue of police brutality? Our civilRead More Police Brutality Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, police abuse has come to the attention of the general public. While citizens worry about protecting themselves from criminals, it has now been shown that they must also keep a watchful eye on those who have been given the responsibility to protect and serve. This paper will discuss the types of police abuse prevalent today, including the use of firearms and recovery of private information. I will also discuss what and how citizens’ rights are violated by the police. We will also exploreRead More Police Brutality Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pages Police Brutality When one thinks of police misconduct many not too distant stories might go through our heads. Most adults will remember how they felt when they saw the brutal beating of Rodney King on their local news station; or the outrage they experienced when they heard that the evidence in the OJ Simpson trial had been tampered with. But thanks to new guidelines, procedures and even civilian groups who now â€Å"police† the police, instances of police misconduct may soon start seeing a declineRead MorePolice Brutality Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesCrying Wolf: How Everything Is Police Brutality When you were a child, you most likely have read the story â€Å"The boy who cried wolf†. What this story taught you was that it isn’t a joke to go run and tell people something happened when it didn’t because eventually people will stop listening. So why is it almost every time a police officer takes someone to the ground they cry â€Å"police brutality†? Police officers are here to maintain order, protect citizens and safe guard property. TheyRead More Police brutality Essay2105 Words   |  9 PagesThere is a widespread and persistent problem of police brutality across the United States. Thousands of individual complaints about police abuse are reported each year and local authorities pay out millions of dollars to victims in damages after lawsuits. Police officers have beaten and shot unresisting suspects; they have misused batons, chemical sprays, and electro-shock weapons; they have injured or killed people by placing them in dangerous res traint holds. This is the first paragraph of anRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Police Brutality1561 Words   |  7 PagesArgumentative Essay and Debate Although I should know by now, I cannot help but think that there has been an overwhelming amount of police brutality in recent years. Police brutality can be defined as, when a police officer uses more force than necessary. This issue has spread throughout the United States of America, and is putting the lives of our citizens in great danger. Police brutality is not only physical, but it can also be verbal attacks; and, in most cases, it is caused by false arrest and

Bullying Is A Universal Issue - 1428 Words

Bullying is a universal issue that can be found in schools worldwide and it has become an increasing pressing issue within the current school system. It can be said that bullying begins during the earlier stages of primary school and then continues through to secondary schools. According to the NSPCC (2014), bullying is defined as â€Å"a behaviour that hurts someone.† This type of behaviour can involve an individual engaging in name calling, threatening another individual as well as physically abusing them, for example hitting, throwing or punching someone. This suggests that bullying can occur physically or verbally. On the other hand others may argue that bullying is a systematic abuse of power (Rigby, 2002, in Dupper, 2013, p.9). In addition with a rise in technology and extreme use of social networking sites, bullying not only occurs face to face but also online. The increasing occurrence of online bullying may be due to the anonymity that can come with some of these networking sites. Schools have picked up on cyberbullying and have raised awareness among students by offering support to ensure that victims don’t suffer in silence. Olweus (1993) stated that a student is characterised as a person who is bullied or victimised when they are exposed, continually and consistently to negative actions by others. Sociologists carry the notion that education is a transmission of culture (Stenhouse, 1967, p.1). A school’s culture can significantly effect and influence pupils’Show MoreRelatedThe School Setting And Bully Prevention Programs1468 Words   |  6 Pages Issues in the School Setting and Bully Prevention Programs A positive school climate is definitely essential to effectively prevent bullying behaviors, thus it is vital for school personnel to understand what constitutes a positive school climate. A simple definition for school climate is the quality and frequency of positive interactions between students at school, the quality and frequency of positive interactions between adults at school and equally important is the quality and frequency ofRead MoreThe Independent Variables ( Iv ) Are The Students Gender And Grade Level1330 Words   |  6 PagesThe number of bullying incidence experienced by students, how often incidents occur based upon grade level and gender, and the frequency in which participants were the victim or aggressor when bullying behavior occurred were the dependent variables (DV). Methodology and Research Design A quantitative design was utilized for this study. This design used descriptive and correlation statistics which compared and analyzed data within groups when describing the number of bullying incidents asRead MoreNurse Turnover Rate Among Registered Nurses1332 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica is one of the most affluent countries in the world, but is also a nation that has a healthcare industry that is in much turmoil. One of the more pivotal influences of this turmoil is nurse turnover rate. Nurse turnover does not have a universal meaning, consequently making it difficult to associate turnover rates in healthcare facilities and geographical areas. In all actuality, â€Å"Nurse turnover is an undesirable trend for healthcare employers. It s expensive, it s disruptive, and it threatensRead MoreDefinition Essay on Bullying708 Words   |  3 Pagesopens the door that there was a problem at school. Normally, the first thought that comes to mind is that someone was being a bull y in school. 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It is common for us to think that bullying most likely takes place at school but now, bullying can be found anywhere. Bullying has recently been blamed for the increasing number of suicidesRead MoreBullying Is Defined As Unwanted Aggressive Behaviors By A Youth Or Group Of Youth1325 Words   |  6 PagesYouth Bullying Issue Statement Bullying is defined as unwanted aggressive behaviors by another youth or group of youth, who are not sibling or current dating partners, involving an observed or perceived power in balance and is repeated multiple times or highly likely to be repeated (CDC 2016). Bullying can result in physical injuries, social and emotional difficulties and academic problems. An estimate of 2.7 million youth are victims to bullying and estimated 160,000 children miss school everyRead MoreEfforts to Fight Cyber Bullying1182 Words   |  5 Pagesmimic its treacherous definitional predecessors. The click of a mouse has cause youthful individuals to commit suicide and live lifestyles that are indulged in depression. Cyber bullying is a fairly new type of violence and this is why it is so hard to counter. One of the most prominent forms of counter-cyber bullying that the United States implements is through legislations, which have resulted in mixed results. Psychologist and Sociologist agree that the negative reinforcement approach doesn’tRead MoreThe Dangers Of Cyber Bullying Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesIt is important to understand that technology has been the main source for these bullies to go from traditional bullying to cyber-bullying. Today, there is a significant changed because now teenagers own a device and have easy access to the use of technology. According to the Family Community Health (Kiriakidis Kavoura, Volume 33, 2010) it is stated, â€Å"these methods of communication cannot always be monitored by parents who may not be as capable as their children in using information technology

Essay about Benefits of Legilaizing Marijuana - 1008 Words

Benefits of Legilaizing Marijuana Cannabis sativa or marijuana has been cultivated for over 5,000 years. The plant spreads like milkweed and will eventually run out any other plants nearby. In the wild, or grown with care marijuana can grow to be 3 - 20 feet high. The plant itself can be used for rope, material, medicine or for smoking. But, whatever way you choose to use this plant, it is illegal. It was made a law in the early 1900s that it was illegal to smoke, eat, or get high from this plant. The plants only legal use was for rope and materials. Even this was controlled by the government though. In the 1960s and 1970s a group of youth stereotyped as Hippies were using marijuana on a regular basis to get high. This†¦show more content†¦Although the government and people would benefit, it would have a bad side. After many years of fighting to keep it illegal, the government would have to spend millions on new laws, regulations, and plans. Also the government has made treaties with other countrie s on keeping the world drug-free. America being the largest supporter of a drug-free society would be absolutely hypocritical to go and legalize. Other countries would become angry and think of us as money greedy, drug smoking fools. This would also hurt other countries because America would be a large drug trafficking area where people would come and buy a large amount and export to the still drug-free countries. Americas reputation could go down the drain. Not only would Americas reputation go down but also the fears of American citizens conducting every day life stoned from marijuana is a scary thought. The effects of marijuana are not alcohols but would impair a persons driving ability. Accidents would increase. People who would abuse the drug would not only jeopardize themselves but also others. It would have to be treated as driving while drinking and stiff laws and enforcement would have to be inflicted. These are the downsides to the drug, but with proper laws and m ethods the drug turn into money for the government. If the government played it right, they could make billions of dollars from this one plant. In the early 1990s the number one legal cash crop, corn, brought 16

Comparative Global Business System

Question: Describe about the Comparative Global Business System. Answer: History The African continent is inspires the world in terms of civilization and extraction of human origin. Archeological research support the fact that development of mankind occurred in Africa. First time in Africa, when only proto-bacteria to dinosaur dwells special kind of Ape known as Australopithecines appeared walk on two legs. The existence of Neolithic rock carving makes a point of existence of hunting and gathering culture in the grassland of Sahara Dessert of North Africa. Interesting fact is that Africa started agriculture in 6000 B.C. the break from Africa to the wider world occurs 100,000 years ago when a group moves towards North Africa. Africa is the oldest and enduring landmass of the world (Shillington, 2012). Figure showing culture of ancient Africa source (Shillington, 2012) Economic status Africa has a wide difference in terms of economy. Parts of sub-Saharan Africe are in the lower rank in terms of Gross National Income it has GNI of $765 per person in a year. Ethiopia and Burundi have the lowly GNI of $90 of per person. Countries with middle income people such as Gabon and Botswana contain moderate income level. While, North Africa are in better position than Sub-Saharan where economics are stable along with trade and tourism is high (BBC NEWS, 2016). Figure showing different income in different parts of Africa source (BBC NEWS, 2016). Education The education of Africa is under crisis with 128 million school-aged children 17 million never even attending school. On that among 800, 00 students 213,000 failed in the end of school examination. Though Africa contributed 6% of its GDP in education but the quality of education is not there for every student. Childrens in most areas had to travel 30km to go their schools. The schools in Africa mostly lack quality teaching and proper structured process in learning. There are 11 official languages in South Africa but most often they are teach in English especially math and science. The rate of absenteeism is also more in African schools (Nishimura and Yamano, 2013). Figure showing level of education in South Africa source (Nishimura and Yamano, 2013) Political The African people face problems in relation with leadership. It became the main problem for its political instability. Political turmoil affects the growth, infrastructure as well industrialization in Africa. Mostly, the leaders faced nation-building along with the hold of political power. The growth of conflict, along with terrorism in North Africa and Middle East and political violence in province of East Africa which enables the rise of political instability. Since 2010, many countries experienced political risk in which Africa is one of them. Political instability became a block for companies of Africa. The political violence in Nigeria along with northeastern border Cameroon, Niger and Chad made thousands of people to lost their life. In the north Libya faced the civil war with General Khalifa and Haftar along with the Islamic groups like Ansar al-Sharia (Halpern, 2015). Figure showing political instability in Africa source (Halpern, 2015) Employment The education of Africa is in crisis the only way is the vocational training that they take most of the time. But, with competition employment with vocational training is not enough. South Africa leads the unemployment rate with 25% in 2015. The rate increased to 26.7% in March. The ratio increased within last three months comparing with the ratio of January which was 24.5%. Since 2000, South Africa lowest unemployment rate was 21.50%. The reason for such rate in unemployment is because of legacy of apartheid, crisis in education and training, weaker in demand for labor and lack of entrepreneurial interest. Along with that increase rate of crime is also the reason for high unemployment rate (Anyanwu, 2013). Figure showing South Africa unemployment rate Source (Anyanwu, 2013). Infrastructure Africa has a poor infrastructure, though the President of South of Africa planed to spend $97 billion on infrastructure over the next three years. The concentration on infrastructure is to access return on certain investments. Africa suffers from low level of productivity in agriculture with constant famines. Rural infrastructure can be explained as poor in terms of transportation, irrigation, energy and telecommunication. The given study explains that its infrastructure deficit accumulates as a barrier for the growth of Africa. While, some estimates puts on the budget of Nigeria alone with $15 billion per year. The African Bank issued $40 billion bond for the development of its infrastructure (Herbst, 2014). Figure showing Africas infrastructure in comparison with the needs Source (Herbst, 2014) Development Rate The growth of Africa has slowed down to a measurable extent coming to 3.0% in 2015 from 4.5% in 2014. Among these years the weakest pace is from 2009. Per capita growth has slowed down weighted down by the growth of population. The price of oil, gas minerals and metals has force to lower to a great extent. Africa being the leader of exporter deeply affected from the falling price of commodities. It gives pressure to the current account as well as fiscal balance. Rising violence and the conflicts further hampers the development of Africa. The cost of doing business in Africa in short hampers the growth and productivity level (Cammett, 2013). Figure showing the GDP growth of Africa and Asia Source (Cammett, 2013) Worldwide raking of Africa South Africa positioned as 53rd in the most spirited country out of 148 countries reviewed in 2013/2014 in the competitiveness Index World Economic Forums Global. Global growth currently measures 3.1% in 2015 which is projected to grow 3.6% in 2017. The Ivory Coast Africa is the fastest growing economy. The West African nations are expected to grow on 8.5% this year (Hardoy et al., 2013). Figure showing world GDP Source ( Hardoy et al., 2013) Export Import Botswana and South Africa are major exporting countries of the Africa. South Africa is one the prime manufacturer in gold and diamonds. The nation consists of a well defined system in law. The key exporters of African nation are the palm oil, oil, gold and diamond, timber, cocoa, and precious metals. Nigeria is the worlds largest oil producer as it produces 3.2 million barrels per day. Sudan, Equatorial Guinea and Angola also exports oil to other countries. African mainly imports medical supplies and food. Other than that they import chemicals, petroleum products, scientific instruments, machinery and equipment (A Turning Point for Agricultural Exports to Sub-Saharan Africa, 2016). Figure showing Sub-Saharan Africa agricultural imports 2014 source (A Turning Point for Agricultural Exports to Sub-Saharan Africa, 2016) Reference List: BBC NEWS. (2016).News.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 19 May 2016. Shillington, K. (2012).History of Africa. Palgrave Macmillan. Nishimura, M. and Yamano, T., 2013. Emerging private education in Africa: determinants of school choice in rural Kenya.World Development,43, pp.266-275. Halpern, M. (2015).Politics of Social Change: In the Middle East and North Africa. Princeton University Press. Anyanwu, J. C. (2013). Characteristics and macroeconomic determinants of youth employment in Africa.African Development Review,25(2), 107-129. Herbst, J. (2014).States and power in Africa. Princeton University Press. Cammett, M. (2013). Development and Underdevelopment in the Middle East and North Africa. Hardoy, J.E., Mitlin, D. and Satterthwaite, D., 2013.Environmental problems in an urbanizing world: finding solutions in cities in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Routledge.

First Person Shooter free essay sample

This essay explores the evidence in support of a correlative and/or causal relationship between video game violence and increased aggression in children. A variety of studies are cited, including independent studies, longitudinal studies, meta-analyses and physiological experiments. The conclusion of the writer is that there is sufficient evidence to support the increase in aggression in children is causally affected by their exposure to video game violence. First Person Shooter Rapid gunshots filled the air, then muffled moans and shrieks sounded in the living room. The phone rang for the sixth time in the kitchen before Mom could answer with a breathless, â€Å"Hello? † She listened intently as the voice of Christian’s teacher on the other end explained that earlier that day Christian had threatened to â€Å"blow up the school. † â€Å"But he’s only in the third grade,† Mom thought as she quietly hung up the phone. She turned toward the living room where the cries of the wounded emerged as more shots were fired and shouted, â€Å"Christian, turn that video game off. . we need to talk! † For decades psychologists have studied the effect of violent television programming on children. Now a new source of media violence has worked its insidious way into children’s lives. Although it is only an emerging body of research, the evidence is clear. Video game violence makes children more aggressive. The History In America today, â€Å"youth between 8 and 18 spend over 40 hours per week using some type of media† (Anderson, 2003, p. 143). Television is still the most common form of media involvement, but video game play is rapidly growing in popularity. In this essay the term video game is used to refer to games played on any electronic system ranging from console stations, to hand-held devices, to computers. The advent of video games first emerged in 1977 with the introduction of Pong – a simple game similar to digital ping-pong. In the relatively short period of time since then, the graphics and realism of video games has increased exponentially. By the early 1990s, it became apparent that violent video games sold better and formatting of the games evolved from a third-person viewpoint to â€Å"first-person shooter†. In this format, the view of the player is as if they are the character and can see through his eyes, rather than seeing the whole character. The action in these games takes place as if the player is firing the gun, or stabbing the victim, or using his own fists. The high level of violence the player must display in these games is glamorized, reinforced, and rewarded. The relationship between the violence kids see and how they behave is not quantifiable, but numerous recent experiments reveal that even minimal exposure to such violence can cause an increase in aggressive behavior. The Evidence One longitudinal psychological study revealed that â€Å"viewing. . . violence at age 8 was a significant and positive predictor of serious adult criminality twenty-two years later independent of social class, intellectual achievement, or parenting variables† (as cited in Smith Donnerstein, 2003, p. 74). Many individual studies show a correlation between video game violence and increased aggression, but to get a clearer picture of the danger we turn to meta-analyses. Meta-analyses are statistical summaries of all empirical studies relating to a particular topic. They provide researchers with a more accurate statistical estimate of the effects considered in the studies. According to Anderson in his meta-analytic study of the effects of video game violence on aggression, â€Å"Overall, the results showed that exposure to violent video games significantly increases aggressive behavior, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and aggressive cognition† (p. 53) and that it causes a significant reduction in pro-social behavior. It was concluded that effects of exposure to violent video games on aggressive behavior in children has a more significant impact than the effects of second-hand cigarette smoke, the effects of calcium on bone density, and the effect of doing homework on academic performance. Another meta-analysis reviewed the data from twenty-eight studies in regard to the effect of video game violence on aggressiveness in children. Bensley Van Eenwyk (2001) determined that â€Å"Three of four studies using behavioral observations of aggression during freeplay found that violent video game play causes increased aggression or aggressive play immediately after the video game†(p. 253). Many of the psychological studies of the relationship between exposure to video game violence and increased aggression in children are correlation and do not show a direct causal effect. Other factors that can contribute to increased have to be considered in such correlation studies where causality cannot be proven. However, a new type of study by Webber, Ritterfeld, Mathiak, (2006) provide us with empirical physiological evidence that video games do increase aggression in a causal relationship. In this study, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was used to take brain scans of activity in the parts of the brain associated with aggression immediately following exposure to violent video game activity. The part of the brain studied was the frontal lobe which had previously been determined to show reduced activity in anterior cingulated cortex (ACC) activity in teens with diagnosed â€Å"antisocial conduct and aggressive behavior disorders† (p. 2). The findings of Webber, Ritterfeld, Mathiak, are astonishing and provide definitive physiological evidence that exposure to video game violence causes an immediate response in the part of the brain where aggression is processed. The results of corresponding fMRI test by Matthews et al. (2005) reveal that â€Å"after high violent exposure to virtual violence, adolescents with no psychopathological history demonstrated the same reduced [ACC] brain activity in the frontal lobe as a control group of adolscents diagnosed with aggressive/disruptive behavior disorders† (as cited in Webber, Ritterfeld, Mathiak, 2006 p. 3) It was further concluded that the reduction in brain activity in the ACC â€Å"occur exclusively in the immediate vicinity of violent game play and predominantly follow virtual violent activities in time† (Webber, Ritterfeld, Mathiak, 2006 p. 47). While the body of research is still small, the evidence supporting the negative results of exposure to violent video games is expanding rapidly and clearly suggests that all children, ranging from the very young to at-risk adolescents, are vulnerable to the damaging effects of the violence they are xposed to in repeated violent video game- play. Who Is At Risk? With the evidence accumulating, it would be irresponsible to assume that large segments of the population are immune to the negative impact that video game violence clearly has. As reported in the 2010 Youth Violence Fact Sheet issued by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2010), â€Å"in 2007, 5,764 young people ages 10 to 24 were murdered—an average of 16 each day. Homicide was the 2nd leading cause of death for young people ages 10 to 24 [and] 84% were killed with a firearm. In 2008, more than 656,000 young people ages 10 to 24 were treated in emergency departments for injuries sustained from violence† (p. 1). The CDC fact sheet provides further data about violence and school-age children by stating â€Å"In a 2009 nationally-representative sample of youth in grades 9-12: 17. 5% reported carrying a weapon (gun, knife or club) on one or more days in the past 30 days [and that] between 1992 and 2006, 116 students were killed in 109 separate incidents – an average of 16. 5 student homicides each year† (p. 2). The results are clear across the board that violent video games have a negative causal effect that can increase aggressiveness in all children, yet some specialized groups may be more deeply affected by this increase in aggressive tendencies. The Young Player Young children (ages 10 to 12) are potentially at greater risk for increased aggression and other harmful effects because they are still learning social scripts. The social rules children develop early are referred to as scripts and become wired into the psyche where they tell the individual what to do, how to react and what is expected in common, everyday social settings. According to Funk, (2003), â€Å"It is well established that children learn general social rules and specific behaviors from repeated cycles of observation, practice and reinforcement. Such cycles are integral to playing violent video games† (p. 171). Funk, proposed that â€Å"a child could develop and internalize scripts for situations that trigger aggression [by] playing violent video games. If such scripts are derived from unreal violence that has no negative consequences [in the game-play], then the child’s response to violence in real life will. . . lack] recognition of the true consequences of violent actions and violence will be seen as a reasonable [response] in many interpersonal situations† (pp. 171-2). Very young children face another challenge when it comes to their developing psyche and the influence of video games – learning the basic constructs of morality. The development of morality in children continues throughout childhood as their higher-order emotions mature. Funk, supported this opinion stating, â€Å"The violent actions required by these [violent video] games are devoid of moral emotion and moral judgment† (p. 73). Professor Lasch-Quinn, (2003) reports that â€Å"Psychologists agree that the basic minimum requirements for the formation of moral conscience in children is the early development of a sense of empathy for others† (p. 50). Young children may suffer from impairment of moral development because the video games lack the normal connection between committing violent acts and realistic moral evaluation, in addition to depersonalizing the victims in the games and downplaying the perceived harm the victim receives. At-Risk Kids Another building block of the moral framework that children are constructing as they grow is that of attitude. Pro-violence attitudes are more prevalent in at-risk children such as victims of abuse or inner-city gang members (Funk, 2003 p. 174). The attitude of these at-risk children toward violence develops from a series of real-life experiences where violence is experienced as the primary way to express and resolve conflict. They view violence differently because it is something they encounter as part of daily life. Pro-violence attitudes are also prevalent in children who bully. According to Funk, victims of abuse, inner-city gang involved children and bullies â€Å"can now be identified as ‘high-risk’ with some degree of certainty† (p. 177) for developing aggressive behaviors as a result of violent video game interaction. Children with various cognitive and behavioral problems are also at greater risk. Funk stated that â€Å"It is well established that children with hostile knowledge structures. . . tend to misinterpret the actions of others as having hostile intent, [and] are more likely to behave in an aggressive manner† (p. 179). The evidence from the research supports the correlational and causal effects of violent video games on aggression in children and reflects that while all children are at risk, some groups may be more susceptible to the damaging effects. Conclusions As violent video games become an ever more popular form of entertainment for children, psychologists have increased their efforts to determine the relationship between the violence and increased aggression in children. Many studies reveal strong correlational data suggesting a direct link between interacting with violent video games and increased aggression. New physiological studies are able to pinpoint that certain areas of the brain that control aggression are affected by exposure to violent video game-play. Emerging data shows that while all children are at risk for an increased level of aggression due to violent video game play, certain groups are at greater risk for these disastrous results. As the number and variety of studies grow, it is clear that violent video games cause children to be aggressive.

How To Use Document Based Question Essay Samples To Help With Your Project

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Sword Art Online free essay sample

A grey sword cut my shoulder. The thin line at the top left corner of my field of vision shrank slightly. At the same time a cold hand passed over my heart. The blue line —called the â€Å"HP bar†Ã¢â‚¬â€ is a visual rendering of my life force. There was still a little over 80% left. No, that phrase isnt appropriate enough. Right now, I was about 20% closer to death. I dashed backwards before the enemys sword even began its attacking motion. â€Å"Haaa † I forced a huge breath to steady myself. The  «body » in this world didnt need oxygen; but the body on the other side, or rather the body lying down in the real world, would be breathing heavily. My limp hands would be soaked with sweat, and my heartbeat would be off the charts. Of course. Even if everything I see right now is nothing more than a rendering of a 3D virtual reality, and the bar being reduced was nothing more than a bunch of numbers that showed my hit points, the fact that I was fighting for my life didnt change. We will write a custom essay sample on Sword Art Online or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When you think about it like that, this fight was extremely unfair. Thats because the  «enemy » in front of me —a humanoid with dully shining arms covered in dark green scales and a lizards head and tail— was not a human, nor was it really alive. It was a digital lump that the system would replace regardless of how many times it was killed. —No. The AI that controlled the lizardman was studying my movements and enhancing its ability to respond to them with every second that passed. However, the moment that this unit was destroyed, the data would be reset instead of being passed on to the unit that would regenerate in this area. So in a sense, this lizardman was also alive, a single being unique to this world. â€Å" right? † There was no way that it would have understood the word that I had muttered to myself, but the lizardman (a level 82 monster called  «Lizardman Lord ») hissed and smiled, showing the sharp fangs that protruded from its long jaw. This is reality. Everything in this world is real. Theres no virtual reality or fakery of any kind. I shifted the one-handed long sword in my right hand to waist-height and watched the enemy. The lizardman moved the buckler in his left hand forward and drew back the scimitar to his right. A chill breeze blew into the shadowed dungeon and the flame of the torch shook. The wet floor softly reflected the flickering torch-light. â€Å"Kraaah!! † With a tremendous scream, the lizardman leapt. The scimitar drew a sharp arc as it flew towards me. A blinding orange light lit its trajectory; a high-class one-hit sword skill of the curved sword  «Fell Crescent ». It was a formidable charge-type sword skill that covered a distance of 4 meters in 0. 4 seconds. But, I was already expecting the attack. I had slowly increased the distance to lure the AI into creating this situation. I closed in on the lizardman, my mind registering the burning smell that the scimitar left behind as it sliced through the air merely centimeters before my nose. â€Å" Ha! † With a short shout, I swung my sword horizontally. The sword, now covered in sky-blue light, cut through the thinly protected stomach and bright red light scattered instead of blood. There was a low scream. However, my sword didnt stop. The system assisted me through the programmed movements and chained the next slash with a speed that would normally have been impossible. This is the most important element in battles in this world,  «Sword Skill ». The sword sped off right from left and cut into the lizardmans chest. In this state, I spun my body in a full circle and the third strike stuck the enemy more deeply than before. â€Å"Raarrgh! † As soon as the lizardman recovered from being stunned briefly because it failed to hit with a big skill, it screamed with rage or perhaps fear, and raised its scimitar high in the air. But my chain had not ended. The sword that had been swinging right suddenly sprang, as if forced by a spring, left and up and hit its heart—a critical point. The sky-blue rhombus drawn by my four consecutive hits flashed then scattered; a horizontal, consecutive 4-hit skill,  «Horizontal Square ». The clear light shone strongly in the dungeon and then faded. At the same time, the HP bar above the Lizardmans head disappeared without even a single dot left. The huge body fell, leaving a long trail, then suddenly stopped awkwardly— With a sound similar to breaking glass, it broke down into infinite polygons and disappeared. This is the  «Death » of this world. It is instantaneous and short, a perfect destruction, not leaving even a single trace. I glanced at the virtual experience points and drop items I received, appearing in a purple font in the center of my vision, and swung my sword right and left before sheathing it in the scabbard on my back. I backed away a few steps and slid slowly down with my back against the dungeon wall. I spat out the breath I was holding and closed my eyes. My temple started throbbing, perhaps from the fatigue due to the long fight. I shook my head a couple of times to get rid of the pain and opened my eyes. The shining clock at the bottom right of my field of vision showed that it was already past 3PM. I should get out of the labyrinth or I wont make it to the city before dark. â€Å" Should I get started? † There was nobody here to listen, but I just spoke and got up slowly. I was done with making progress for the day. I somehow escaped the hand of death again today. But after a brief rest, tomorrow will come with more battles. When fighting battles without a 100% chance of victory, however many safety nets you prepare, theres going to be a day when you fall out of lady lucks favor. The problem is whether this game will be  «cleared » or not before I draw the ace of spades. If you value your life above all else, staying in a village and waiting for somebody else to clear the game is the wisest route to take. But I go to the front lines every day solo. Am I just simply an addict of VRMMO who keeps increasing his stats through countless battles, or— Am I an idiot who insolently believes that he can win the freedom of everyone in this world with his sword? As I started walking towards the labyrinth entrance with a slight smile of self-scorn, I thought back to that day. Two years ago. The moment that everything ended and began. Chapter 2 â€Å"Ahh The sword swinging to these strange shouts swished around, cutting nothing but air. Right afterwards, the blue boar (which moved surprisingly quick considering its bulk) charged fiercely at its assailant. I burst into laughter, watching him fly through the air and roll on the hill after getting hit by the boars flat nose. â€Å"Hahaha not like that. The first movement is important, Klein. † â€Å"Argh that bastard. † The complaining assailant, a party member called Klein, got up and glanced at me while answering plaintively. â€Å"But Kirito, even if you say that I cant do anything about the fact that its moving. † I met this person, who had reddish hair held up by a bandana and simple leather armor worn over his thin body, a few hours ago. If he had revealed his real name, it would have been hard to omit the honorifics, but his name (Klein) and mine (Kirito) were both names we had made up for our characters. Putting -san or -kun at the end of them would sound comical more than anything. The legs of the person in question started shaking. â€Å"Seems like hes a little dizzy. † I picked up a pebble from the undergrowth at my feet and raised it above my shoulder. As soon as the system detected the first motion of a sword skill, the pebble started giving off a slight green light. After that, my left hand almost moved by itself and the pebble went flying, drawing a straight line of light and hitting the boar between its eyebrows. *Ggiik! * The boar squealed in fury and turned towards me. â€Å"Of course they move, theyre not training dummies. But if you begin the correct motion, the system will put your sword skill into motion and hit the target for you. † â€Å"Motion motion † While muttering this like some spell, Klein raised the cutlass that he held in his right hand. Although the blue boar, officially named  «Frenzy Boar », was a level one monster, Klein had lost almost half of his HP from being hit by counterattacks due to his wild swings. Well, even if he died hed just respawn at the  «Starting City » near here, but coming all the way out to this hunting ground again was somewhat annoying. It seemed like there was one move left before the fight reached its conclusion. I cocked my head as I blocked the boars charge with the sword in my right hand. â€Å"Hmm, how should I explain Its not like one, two, three, then strike. But more like gathering a bit of energy and then, as soon as you feel the skill start, it goes BAM and you feel it hit the monster † â€Å"Bam, eh? † Kleins roughly handsome face grimaced itself into an unsightly image as he leveled his sword at his waist. Inhale, exhale; after taking a deep breath, he lowered his stance and raised his sword as if he was going to shoulder it. This time, the system sensed the pose correctly and the arcing sword slowly started shining orange. â€Å"Ha! † With his low yell, he jumped off the ground with a movement that was completely different from the ones before. *Swish—! * With this crisp sound, the sword drew its flame red trajectory through the air. The  «Reaver », a basic skill of the one-handed curved sword, struck the boar right in its neck as it was about to charge and got rid of the rest of its HP, which (like Kleins) was about half full. Guekk— it gave a pitiful cry and its large body shattered like glass and purple numbers appeared, showing how many virtual experience points I gained. â€Å"Ye~~a~~h! † Klein struck an over-blown pose of victory with a huge smile on his face and raised his left hand. I high-fived him and smiled again. â€Å"Congrats on your first victory  but that boar—its about as hard as slimes from other games. † â€Å"Eh, really? I thought it was some sort of semi-boss or something! † â€Å"Not a chance. My smile became a little forced as I sheathed my sword on my back. Even though I was teasing him, I understood what he was feeling right now. Since I had two more months of experience than him, it was only now that he could feel the exhilarating feeling of destroying his enemy with his own hands. Klein started to use the same sword skill over and over again yelling as he did so, perhaps as a way of practicing. I left him alone and looked around. The endlessly stretching plains gave off a beautiful red as the sun had started setting. Way up north, there was the silhouette of a forest, a sparkling lake down south, and I could just about make out the walls that surrounded the city to the east. To the west, there was a limitless sky going on forever with bunches of golden clouds drifting by. We were at the plains that stretched to the west of the  «Starting City », which was situated at the north end of the first floor of the colossal floating castle— «Aincrad ». There should be numerous players fighting monsters around here, but because of the enormous size none of them were visible. Finally seeming satisfied, Klein sheathed his sword and walked over while observing the area as well. â€Å"But really however many times I look around like this, I still cant believe that this is  «inside the game ». † â€Å"Well even if you say inside its not like our souls were sucked in or anything. Our brains just seeing and hearing instead of our eyes and ears with the signals that the  «Nerve Gear » is sending,† I said with a shrug. Klein pouted like a kid. â€Å"You might be used to it now, but for me its the first time doing a  «FullDive »! Isnt it awesome? Really its a relief that I was born in this era! † â€Å"Youre exaggerating. † But as I laughed, I totally agreed with him.  «Nerve Gear ». Thats the name of the hardware that drove this VRMMORPG— «Sword Art Online ». The basic structure of this machine is totally different from the older ones. Unlike the old-style man-machine interface hardware like â€Å"flat screen monitors† or â€Å"hand-held controllers†, Nerve Gear only had a single interface: a streamlined interface that covered your whole head and face. Inside, there were numerous signal transceivers. By using the electronic signals sent by those transceivers, the gear accessed the users brain itself. The user didnt use their eyes or ears to see and hear, the signals went directly to their brain. In addition, the machine could access not only sight and sound, but also: touch, taste, and smell as well—that is to say, all five senses. After slipping the Nerve Gear on, locking the strap under your chin, and speaking the initiation command ( «Link Start »), all noise fades away and youre swathed in darkness. As soon as you pass the rainbow colored circle in the middle, youre in another world made entirely of data. So Half a year ago, this machine (which started selling in May, 2022) successfully created a  «Virtual Reality ». The electronics company which created the Nerve Gear called the actual act of linking to the virtual reality  «FullDive ». It was a total seclusion from reality, fitting of the word â€Å"full†. The reason for this is that the Nerve Gear not only sent fake signals to the five senses, it also blocked and rerouted the orders that the brain sent to the body. This can be called the most basic requirement for moving freely in a virtual reality. If the body received the brains signals when the user was in FullDive, the moment the user decided they wanted to  «run » their actual body would run into a wall. Because the Nerve Gear could reroute the commands the brain sent through the spinal cord, Klein and I could both move our avatars around freely and swing our swords around. Weve completely leapt into the game. The effect of this experience captivated me and many gamers like me, to the point where we were sure that we could never go back to the old touch-pens or motion sensors. Klein was staring at the wind passing through the plains and the castle walls off in the distance with actual tears in his eyes. â€Å"So, SAO is the first game for the Nerve Gear that youve played? † I asked. Klein, looking like a calmly handsome warrior from the Sengoku period, turned his head my way and nodded. â€Å"Yeah. † If he wore a serious expression on his face, he had an impressive bearing about him worthy of an actor from a historical play. Of course, this was different from his actual body in the real world. It was an avatar made out of nothing, based on choosing from a list of options. Of course, I looked like a ridiculously handsome protagonist from some fantasy animation as well. Klein continued in his low vigorous voice, which (of course) was different from his real voice as well. â€Å"Well, to be exact, I sorta bought the hardware in a rush after I managed to get my hands on SAO. There were only ten thousand in the first batch, so I suppose I was really lucky. Well, if I think about it, you were ten times luckier when you got picked for beta testing. They only picked a thousand! † â€Å"Ah, yeah I suppose. † Klein kept staring at me. I unconsciously scratched my head. I remembered the excitement and enthusiasm that  «Sword Art Online » created when it was announced through the media like it was yesterday. Nerve Gear had realized the future foundation for gaming with FullDive. However, due to the innovation of the actual machine, only unremarkable titles came forth for the all-important software. They were all puzzles, education related, or environmental type games; causing discontent among game addicts like me. Nerve Gear can truly render a virtual reality. But you could only walk 100 meters before you hit a wall in that world, it was really a huge letdown. It was almost unavoidable that hard core gamers like me, who had been deeply absorbed in the experience of being within the game, started anticipating a certain game genre. We were waiting for a network response game, the kind that let millions of players log in and raise, fight with, and live as a character of their own—that is to say, an MMORPG. When the anticipation and craving reached its limit, the first VRMMORPG was announced just in time,  «Sword Art Online ». The stage for the game is a floating castle consisting of 100 floors. The players lived in a world with forests and lakes, relying only on their sword and drive to discover the route to the upper floors, defeat countless monsters, and make their way endlessly to the top.  «Magic », considered an indispensable part of fantasy MMORPGs, had been boldly left out. An almost endless number of skills, called  «Sword Skills », were created. It was part of a plan to let players actually feel the experience of fighting with their own bodies through FullDive as much as possible. Skills were varied, including productive skills (such as smithing, leather working, and sewing) and everyday skills (such as fishing, cooking, and playing music), allowing the player to not only adventure the huge game but also actually  «live » in it. If they so wanted, and if their skill levels were high enough, they could buy a house and live as shepherds. As the information was steadily revealed, the gamers enthusiasm only grew. The beta test only recruited a thousand testers. Its said that one hundred thousand people, the number of half the Nerve Gear sold at that time, volunteered to be a tester. Luck was the only reason that I got through the narrow gap and was picked. Beta testers also received the additional benefit of being able to pre-order the game. The two months of beta testing were like a dream. At school I thought endlessly of my skill set, equipment, and items. I ran all the way home as soon as school ended and dived till dawn. The beta test ended in the blink of an eye. On the day my character was reset, I felt a sense of loss as if half of my actual self had been cut away. And now— November 6, 2022, Sunday.  «Sword Art Online », after all the preparations were finished, officially started its online service at 1 PM. Of course, I had been waiting for 30 minutes and then logged on without even a seconds delay. When I checked the server, over ninety-five hundred people had already logged on. It seemed as if all of the people who had been lucky enough to get their hands on the game felt the same way I did. All the online shopping sites announced that the game was sold out seconds after it had gone on sale. The offline sales, which had started yesterday, had created lines of people who had queued up for four days, creating enough of a racket to get on the news. That meant that all the people who had been able to buy a copy of the game were almost all serious game addicts. Kleins actions showed this clearly as well. After I had logged onto SAO, I started running through the nostalgic stone paved roads of the  «Starting City », headed for the weapons shop. Realizing that I was a beta tester after seeing me start and dash, Klein ran over without any hesitation. â€Å"Hey, teach me a few things! † hed begged. I wondered how he could be so shameless and demanding to a person he hadnt met before. I was so lost for words it was almost amazing. â€Å"Ah, er, then why dont we go to the weapon shop? † I answered like some NPC. We ended up forming a party and I began teaching him some basics of fighting. And thats how we ended up in this current situation. To tell the truth, I didnt get along with people in real life; in games, perhaps even less so. During beta testing, I got to know a couple of people, but I didnt get close enough to anyone to actually call them a friend. But Klein had a side to him that grows on you, and I didnt find this uncomfortable either. Thinking that I might be able to get along with him, I opened my mouth. â€Å"So what do you want to do? Do you want to keep hunting till you get used to it? † â€Å"Sure! is what I want to say, but † Kleins delicate eyes looked at the bottom right of his vision. He must have been checking the time. â€Å" well, I should log off and eat. I ordered some pizza for 5:30. † â€Å"Pretty thorough,† I said at a loss for words. Klein thrust out his chest. â€Å"Of course! † he said proudly. â€Å"I promised to meet some mates at the  «Starting City » in a bit. I could introduce you to some of them and you could register them as friends. That way you could always send messages. How about it? † â€Å"Errr Hmmm † I mumbled subconsciously. I got along with Klein pretty well, but there was no guarantee that itd be the same for his friends. I felt like there would be a higher chance of not getting along with them and, as a result, fall out with Klein as well. â€Å"Should I? † Seeming to understand the reason for my not-so-confident answer, Klein shook his head. â€Å"Ah, I dont mean to force you. Therell be a chance to introduce them sometime anyway. † â€Å" Yeah. Sorry, and thanks. † As soon as I thanked him, Klein shook his head vigorously. â€Å"Hey, hey! I should be the one thanking you. I got a lot of help from you. Ill pay you back sometime soon. Mentally. † Klein smiled and took another look at the clock. â€Å" Well, Ill log off for a bit. Thanks a lot, Kirito. Be seein ya. † With that, he put his hand forward. At that moment, I thought this person would have been a great leader in  «another game » and shook his hand. â€Å"Yeah, see you around. † We each let go of the others hand. That was the point where Aincrad, or Sword Art Online, stopped being just some fun game for me. Klein stepped back a bit, put his right index finger and thumb together, and pulled downwards. This was the action that opened the  «main menu window ». Immediately afterwards, there was a ringing sound and a shining purple rectangle appeared. I moved a bit, sat on a rock, and opened my menu too. I started moving my fingers to organize the items that Id gotten from fighting the boar. Then â€Å"Eh? † Klein said in a strange tone. â€Å"Whats this? Theres no log out button. † I stopped moving my fingers and raised my head at that. â€Å"No button? No way, look a bit closer,† I said, a bit confused. The swordsman opened his eyes wide beneath the bandana and pushed his face closer to the menu. The rectangle, wider than it was high, had a bunch of buttons to the left and a silhouette showing what equipment you had on to the right. At the bottom of the menu, there was a  «LOG OUT » button that allowed you to escape from this world. As I was turning my head to the inventory that listed the items I had gained over hours of fighting, Klein started speaking in an unusually high voice. â€Å"Its really not there. You take a look Kirito. † â€Å"I told you that theres no way that its not there † I muttered with a sigh as I tapped on the button on the top left to go back to the menu screen. The inventory window on the right closed and the main screen re-opened. To the left of the silhouette, which still had quite a lot of empty spaces, there was a long row of buttons. I moved my hand down in a movement that had almost become a habit and My body froze. It wasnt here. As Klein had said, the button that had been there during the beta test —no, even right after Id logged on— had disappeared. I stared at the empty space for a couple of seconds then looked through the menu, making sure that it hadnt just changed its position. Klein looked up with â€Å"Right? † written on his face. â€Å" Not there, right? † â€Å"Yeah, its not there. † I nodded, although it felt slightly annoying to agree so easily. Klein smiled and started rubbing his thick chin. â€Å"Well, its the first day so these sort of bugs could occur. Around about now, the GMs should be crying by now from the number of messages flooding in,† Klein said calmly. â€Å"Is it all right for you to stand around like that? You said that you ordered some pizza, didnt you? † I asked teasingly. â€Å"Ah, thats right! † I smiled as I watched him jump around, his eyes wide. I threw away a couple of items I didnt need from the inventory, which had turned red from having too many items, and then walked over to Klein. â€Å"Argh! My anchovy pizza and ginger ale! † â€Å"Why dont you call a GM? They might cut you off from their side. † â€Å"I tried, but theres no response. Its already 5:25! Hey, Kirito! Isnt there some other way to log out? † After listening to what Klein, who was waving both arms, said My face became rigid. I felt a groundless fear send a chill down my back. â€Å"Lets see to log out † I said while thinking. To get out of this virtual reality and back to my room, I have to: open the main menu, press the Log Out button, and press Yes on the window that popped up on the right. It was pretty simple. But at the same time, apart from that procedure, I wasnt aware of any other way of logging off. I looked up at Kleins face, situated quite a bit higher than my own, and shook my head. â€Å"No theres none. If you want to log yourself off, you have to use the menu. Apart from that, theres no other way. † â€Å"Thats impossible theres got to be something! † Klein suddenly started shouting as if he was denying my statement. â€Å"Return! Log out! Escape! † But of course nothing happened. There were no voice commands in SAO of that description. After Klein shouted this and that and even jumped around, I spoke to him. â€Å"Klein, its useless. Even the manual doesnt have anything on emergency access terminations. † â€Å"But this is just stupid! Even if its a bug, I cant even go back to my room and my body when I want to! † Klein shouted with a bewildered expression on his face. I totally agreed with him. This was impossible. It was complete nonsense. But it was indisputably the truth. â€Å"Hey what is this? Its just really weird. Right now, we cant get out of this game! † Klein gave a desperate laugh then quickly started talking again. â€Å"Wait, we can just turn the power off. Or just pull the  «Gear » off. † As I watched Klein move his hands as if he was trying to take off some invisible hat, I felt the anxiety returning. â€Å"Thats impossible, both of them. Right now, we cant move our bodies our real bodies. The  «Nerve Gear » intercepts all the signals that our brain is sending here,† I tapped the back of my head, â€Å"and reroutes them to move our avatars here. † Klein slowly closed his mouth and put his hands down. We both stood speechless for a while, each lost in thought. To reach the FullDive state, the Nerve Gear intercepts the signals that our brain sends down our spines and translates them so that we can control our avatars in this world. So however wildly we swing our arm about here, the arm of my real body (lying on my bed right now) wouldnt move an inch, ensuring that I wouldnt hit my head against the corner of my table or anything. But because of this function, we cant cancel the FullDive of our own free will right now. â€Å" So unless the bug is fixed or somebody in the real world takes the Gear off, we have to wait it out? † Klein mumbled, still a little dazed. I silently signaled my agreement. â€Å"But I live by myself. You? † I hesitated slightly but told him the truth. â€Å" I live with my mom and my younger sister, a family of three. I think that Ill be forced out of the Dive if I dont come down for dinner † â€Å"What? H-How old is your sister? † Klein suddenly looked at me, his eyes sparkling. I pushed his head away. â€Å"Youre pretty calm right now, arent you? Shes in a sports club and hates games, so shes got nothing in common with people like us