Tuesday, May 26, 2020

New Ideas Into Media Argumentative Essay Topics Never Before Revealed

New Ideas Into Media Argumentative Essay Topics Never Before Revealed The Basic Facts of Media Argumentative Essay Topics You understanding the way to do something i am pleased with sources. Preferably, it ought to be something that you're an expert in. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you presently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. The issue is that everybody's interpretation of what makes a great society differs. A superb argument demands the usage of logic and irrefutable evidence. Regardless of the topic that you're exploring in your argumentative essay, following principles of the structure ought to be maintained to have a decent level. When you are requested to select a great topic for your argument, start with something you're acquainted with. For instance, there isn't any way you are able to argue on this issue of whether humans walk on two legs because it is a known fact with no attached debate. The Secret to Media Argumentative Essay Topics Now, it's very tough to be aloof from all elements of mass media. Thus, the effect of mass media can't be overstated. Relevant Topics that are related to your society will engage the reader in the most effective possible method. 1 important and appropriate subject is technology. Here's What I Know About Media Argumentative Essay Topics Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't difficult to discover. So be certain that you decide on a subject, which has values in it. Thus, it's important to read corresponding formatting guide. You may use many examples that can be found on the web free of charge. The role of assigning an essay to middle school students is to make awareness and permit them to develop writing skills. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on distinct views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. Therefore, many stu dents and employees decide to obtain low-cost essay rather than writing it themselves. Every student who would like to execute a great academic paper can use mentioned subjects and example argumentative essay to do an outstanding work. The True Meaning of Media Argumentative Essay Topics The cost of an essay is dependent upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering an idea that might be a huge deal to somebody else. It is not hard to view and find a lot of ideas online. It isn't hard to discover numerous terrific ideas online. Argumentative essays are a few of the best that you can write as a student. Argumentative topics can be a number of the widest-reaching essay assignments on Earth. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Young writers may try simple on-line citation generators which are normally at no cost. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points that you could counter to your own points. If you're in a college and wish to compose an argumentative essay, you should select a subject of high importance. Therefore, you can ask all the essential questions and consult on some points. This information will be useful. When choosing an issue to argue, you have to settle on a topic that has more than 1 side. As soon as you have the topic, answer the question and support your answer with three or more explanations for why you believe it. You can be totally sure your paper is going to be delivered in time and be of the maximum quality. Our writers are highly competent so you are able to place your order for any custom essay with no hesita tion. Our crew of essay writers works with any types of academic papers for many decades. The perfect way to be a prosperous student is to seek the services of an expert paper writer. Media Argumentative Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! Therefore don't be concerned about writing homework and get our paper help whenever possible. Books should not be banned. Introduction Your introduction ought to be compelling. It is crucial to pick a great topic to be able to compose a good paper. In fact, academic papers can grow to be not merely an easy homework but in addition real argumentative masterpieces. To compose a strong argumentative essay, students should start by familiarizing themselves with a number of the common, and frequently conflicting, positions on the research topic so they can write an educated paper. You will be assigned a topic, or your professor will allow you to select your own. It's possible to go for an intriguing topic from any area of science. You' ll certainly lose the argument if nobody would like to read your essay. Instead of just immediately writing about your argumentative essay topic, you should first think about what you're likely to put back on your paper through a procedure of brainstorming and pre-writing. There are several steps which you should take as a way to compose an outstanding essay. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most essential issue to do is to select a topic and an argument you could really get behind. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's critical to at all times be critically contemplating the world around us. It is all about arguing and debating on a topic, which is debatable. An argumentative essay is a certain sort of academic writing. It does not include unsubstantiated opinions. Characteristics of Media Argumentative Essay Topics It is extremely easy to locate such a topic and also write this kind of essay as long as you adhere to a few standard rules. If you get to select your own topic, that's good. Therefore, the topic ought to be debatable! Your topic has to be clear and understandable. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. Researching the topic will permit you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you really like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. Choosing topics for argumentative essays is important for your general success.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Essay about Sir Gawain and the Green Knight - 964 Words

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight In this passage taken from Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Lines 1623-1718, the reader sees how Sir Gawain is the hero of the poem, through the tests of the host. Sir Gawain is speaking to the host of the castle where he is staying for a few days before journeying on to the Green Chapel. The host has just returned from hunting and killing some boar. While the host is out hunting for the boar, we learn that Sir Gawain is developing a love interest in a special lady friend, the wife of the host, who makes several attempts to seduce him. Before this hunt, Gawain and the host make a promise to each other that they will exchange whatever they may win that day for the others winnings. The host gives Sir†¦show more content†¦Do the kisses symbolize a feeling of affection between Gawain and the host, or is this just done because they have made a promise to each other? Although it is never really made clear in the text, I feel that the kisses are exchanged because of the agreement th at they made between each other. Another scene in the passage that is striking is the flurtation between Gawain and the hosts wife. And ever our gallant knight beside the gay lady; So uncommonly kind and complaisant was she; With sweet stolen glances, that stirred his stout heart; That he was at his wits end, and wondrous vexed (Norton, 236, lines 1657-1660.) I found this scene to be quite humorous, and I am also able to see Gawain falling for her each time she comes to visit him. The scene adds a little flavor to the passage, even though it is another concealed test in Gawains journey to the Green Knights chapel. The language used in this passage shows that both the host and Gawain are not afraid of anything. The is shown in the section of the passage where the host returns from killing the boar Of the battle of the boar they beset in the wood; The other man meetly commended his deeds; And praised well the prize of his princely sport (Norton, 235-236, lines 1628-1630.) This is also shown in the section of the passage where the host tells Gawain how he has tested him twice and will be testing him a third time: For I have testedShow MoreRelatedSir Gawain And The Green Knight1359 Words   |  6 PagesIn the poem â€Å"Sir Gawain and The Green Knight,† a protagonist emerges depicting an Arthurian knight named Sir Gawain. Sir Gawain, King Arthur’s nephew, takes initiative by accepting the challenge requested by the Green Knight in place of his uncle. He undergoes a perilous adventure, seeking for the Green Knight to receive the final blow. Although Sir Gawain is not viewed as a hero for his military accomplishments, he is, however, viewed as a heroic figure by the Knights at the Round Table for hisRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight862 Words   |  4 PagesIn Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, by an unknown author referred to as the â€Å"Pearl Poet,† we are introduced to Sir Gawain. Gawain is a knight of the Round Table and he is also the nephew of King Arthur. As a knight, Gawain is expected to possess and abide by many chivalrous facets. Throughout the poem he portrays many of the qualities a knight should possess, such as bravery, courtesy, and honor among others. Because of his ability to possess these virtues even when tempted to stray away from themRead MoreSir Gawain and the Green Knight1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe poem of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight compares a super natural creature to nature. The mystery of the poem is ironic to the anonymous author. The story dates back into the fourteenth century, but no one knows who originally wrote the poem. This unknown author explains in the poem of Sir Gawain not knowing of the location of the Green Chapel and or who the Green Knight really is. This keeps the reader entertained with the suspicion of not knowing. The author then does not give his name orRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight contains ambiguity and irony that make it interesting to read and teach. Gawain’s conflict arose when he accepted the girdle that could protect him and when he lied to his host, severing fellowship with the lord for courtesy with the lady. By utilizing a social reconstructionist philosophy of teaching that emphasizes personal beliefs and ethics, a teacher will help the students establish their identities and learn to appreciate classic literature. Sir Gawain and theRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1514 Words   |  7 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight is an epic poem written in the mid to late fourt eenth century by an unknown author. Throughout the tale, Sir Gawain, a Knight at the Round Table in Camelot, is presented with many hardships, the first being a challenge on Christmas by a man in which, â€Å"Everything about him was an elegant green† (161). This â€Å"Green Knight† challenged someone in Camelot to accept his game which they will chop off his head with his axe and the Green Knight will do the same to the playerRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1335 Words   |  6 PagesSir Gawain: The Ironic Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a tale of the utmost irony in which Sir Gawain, the most loyal and courteous of all of King Arthur’s knights, fails utterly to be loyal and courteous to his king, his host, his vows, and his God. In each case, Sir Gawain not only fails to perform well, but performs particularly poorly, especially in the case of his relationship with God. Ultimately, Sir Gawain chooses magic over faith, and by doing so, shows his ironic nature as aRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight906 Words   |  4 Pagesusually the latter. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight we see Sir Bertilak go off to hunt three very specific animals as a game with Sir Gawain. They agree that â€Å"what ever [Bertilak catches] in the wood shall become [Sir Gawain’s], and what ever mishap comes [Sir Gawain’s] way will be given to [Bertilak] in exchange.† (Sir Gawain†¦, ln 1105-1007). In this deal we slowly see Gawain loose his honor as paralleled with Sir B ertilak’s hunt. The first animal that is hunted by the knight is a deer, while thisRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesFall 16 Donnelly Many years ago, knights were expected to form a certain type of relationship with their king, this relationship was otherwise known as fealty. Fealty is a knight’s sworn loyalty to their king (in other words a loyal relationship should be formed between the two). The use of this relationship is shown in the poem called â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† ( the author is unknown). This poem has a classic quest type of formula, with a knight receiving a challenge and then going outRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1455 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, for Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight temptation existed around every corner while he was playing the game of the Green Knight. Temptation existed every day and each day it existed in a new way. Gawain never knew what was coming his way throughout the grand scheme of the game, but one thing was for certain he was being tested. Without his reliance religious faith and dedication to his reputation, Gawain wo uld not have been able to make it through the game of the Green Knight alive andRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesBoth Sir Gawain, from â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† translated by Marie Borroff, and Beowulf, from Beowulf translated by Burton Raffel, serve as heroes in different times of Medieval English Literature. Many of the basic principles that describe heroes in Medieval Literature are seen in both of these characters even though they were written in different times. There are distinct similarities, differences, and also a progression of what the hero was in English literature, between Sir Gawain and

Friday, May 15, 2020

Police Brutality Essay - 1101 Words

Police brutality is wrong and it shouldnt have to happen but it does. It happens more to Blacks. In the article Racism and Police Brutality in America, by Cassandra Chaney, she writes about how police officers are perceived as well as police brutality. She incorporates statistics on police from the National Police Misconduct Statistics and Reporting Project to support her claims as well as using them for evidence. To begin, police brutality is when a police officer uses excessive physical or verbal force, more than needed, as a way to intimidate someone. This has been happening in the last couple of years where police officers have used too much force on an individual. Chaney writes that according to some research done by some†¦show more content†¦To become a Police Officer, one is only required a high school diploma. Chaney and I acknowledge that the lack of education, but that does not justify police brutality and their actions, at least it shouldnt. Should the well-being of a society suffer because a police officer is uneducated? Many may argue that police officers should be cut some slack because they are people too. But, that is not a good enough argument because before someone can call themselves a police officer, they must be trained on how to handle stressful situations. Chaney does a good way of saying it by stating that even though criminals are also people like everybody else, that doesn’t stop the law from [punishing them] for their crimes and wrong doings. If you follow the argument that police officers are also people, then they also need to get punished for their crime. In her article, Chaney acknowledges that it’s a tough [and] dangerous job but she claims it as a false argument because there are many jobs [that] are tough and dangerous besides the job of being a police officer. Just because a job is both dangerous and tough, it doesnt justify anyone to violate... their authority and be able to get away with it. As I acknowledged before, many may argue that police officers face high stress situations. Well, according to the article The Search for Reasonableness in Use-of-Force Cases:Show MoreRelatedPolice Brutality Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesPolice Brutality against African American people has begun to take a toll on our communities. African American communities cannot even trust the police, because of the way they are being treated unfairly by a police officers of them distract or their state. Which is why the police are being coming more advanced in technology, but still fail to use their powers as an officer correctly. This cause the police officers are using misconduct against African American people when confronted by them. ThisRead MorePolice Brutality Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pagesenforcement, police brutality has become a big problem within the United States. Granted, police brutality has been around for many years, but it was not as alarming as it has become now. Every day, minorities look over their shoulder and are becoming more scared as they do not want to become the next victim of a police brutality incident. Police brutality is the unwarranted or excessive and often illegal use of force against civilians by U.S. police officers. There are many forms of police brutality, whichRead MorePersuasive Essay On Police Brutality1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe fear of being killed by the ones who are supposed to protect you just keeps growing in the United States. Yes this essay is about the brushed off topic of police brutality and how it’s got to be stopped before it gets even way more out of hand. It’s just scary to think that the people who are supposed to protect you have a never ending list of just names and ages which they were responsible for killing. The ages of the deaths go to as young as 14 to all the way to 70 the lives of kids and elderlyRead MoreEssay On Police Brutality1123 Words   |  5 PagesPolice brutality is the lavish p hysical assault or verbal assault during police procedures which can involve interrogating or apprehending a suspect. Police brutality originated from the labor worker strikes in the 1800’s through the 1900’s. The violent brutal act of these officers usually formed around the lower socioeconomic class. Since then police brutality has hit an all-time high in the 21st century. In New York alone there has been reportedly over 72 police brutality reports some reportsRead MoreEssay on Police Brutality3199 Words   |  13 PagesPolice Brutality Government policies reflect choices made among conflicting values and many different people, groups, and institutions influence policy decisions. Police brutality is influenced by many, such as our American political ideals of civil rights and liberties, the political process in terms of the media and our political institutions, one which the courts. CIVIL RIGHTS:Whats are out civil rights and liberties relating to the public policy issue of police brutality? Our civilRead More Police Brutality Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, police abuse has come to the attention of the general public. While citizens worry about protecting themselves from criminals, it has now been shown that they must also keep a watchful eye on those who have been given the responsibility to protect and serve. This paper will discuss the types of police abuse prevalent today, including the use of firearms and recovery of private information. I will also discuss what and how citizens’ rights are violated by the police. We will also exploreRead More Police Brutality Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pages Police Brutality When one thinks of police misconduct many not too distant stories might go through our heads. Most adults will remember how they felt when they saw the brutal beating of Rodney King on their local news station; or the outrage they experienced when they heard that the evidence in the OJ Simpson trial had been tampered with. But thanks to new guidelines, procedures and even civilian groups who now â€Å"police† the police, instances of police misconduct may soon start seeing a declineRead MorePolice Brutality Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesCrying Wolf: How Everything Is Police Brutality When you were a child, you most likely have read the story â€Å"The boy who cried wolf†. What this story taught you was that it isn’t a joke to go run and tell people something happened when it didn’t because eventually people will stop listening. So why is it almost every time a police officer takes someone to the ground they cry â€Å"police brutality†? Police officers are here to maintain order, protect citizens and safe guard property. TheyRead More Police brutality Essay2105 Words   |  9 PagesThere is a widespread and persistent problem of police brutality across the United States. Thousands of individual complaints about police abuse are reported each year and local authorities pay out millions of dollars to victims in damages after lawsuits. Police officers have beaten and shot unresisting suspects; they have misused batons, chemical sprays, and electro-shock weapons; they have injured or killed people by placing them in dangerous res traint holds. This is the first paragraph of anRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Police Brutality1561 Words   |  7 PagesArgumentative Essay and Debate Although I should know by now, I cannot help but think that there has been an overwhelming amount of police brutality in recent years. Police brutality can be defined as, when a police officer uses more force than necessary. This issue has spread throughout the United States of America, and is putting the lives of our citizens in great danger. Police brutality is not only physical, but it can also be verbal attacks; and, in most cases, it is caused by false arrest and

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Bullying Is A Universal Issue - 1428 Words

Bullying is a universal issue that can be found in schools worldwide and it has become an increasing pressing issue within the current school system. It can be said that bullying begins during the earlier stages of primary school and then continues through to secondary schools. According to the NSPCC (2014), bullying is defined as â€Å"a behaviour that hurts someone.† This type of behaviour can involve an individual engaging in name calling, threatening another individual as well as physically abusing them, for example hitting, throwing or punching someone. This suggests that bullying can occur physically or verbally. On the other hand others may argue that bullying is a systematic abuse of power (Rigby, 2002, in Dupper, 2013, p.9). In addition with a rise in technology and extreme use of social networking sites, bullying not only occurs face to face but also online. The increasing occurrence of online bullying may be due to the anonymity that can come with some of these networking sites. Schools have picked up on cyberbullying and have raised awareness among students by offering support to ensure that victims don’t suffer in silence. Olweus (1993) stated that a student is characterised as a person who is bullied or victimised when they are exposed, continually and consistently to negative actions by others. Sociologists carry the notion that education is a transmission of culture (Stenhouse, 1967, p.1). A school’s culture can significantly effect and influence pupils’Show MoreRelatedThe School Setting And Bully Prevention Programs1468 Words   |  6 Pages Issues in the School Setting and Bully Prevention Programs A positive school climate is definitely essential to effectively prevent bullying behaviors, thus it is vital for school personnel to understand what constitutes a positive school climate. A simple definition for school climate is the quality and frequency of positive interactions between students at school, the quality and frequency of positive interactions between adults at school and equally important is the quality and frequency ofRead MoreThe Independent Variables ( Iv ) Are The Students Gender And Grade Level1330 Words   |  6 PagesThe number of bullying incidence experienced by students, how often incidents occur based upon grade level and gender, and the frequency in which participants were the victim or aggressor when bullying behavior occurred were the dependent variables (DV). Methodology and Research Design A quantitative design was utilized for this study. This design used descriptive and correlation statistics which compared and analyzed data within groups when describing the number of bullying incidents asRead MoreNurse Turnover Rate Among Registered Nurses1332 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica is one of the most affluent countries in the world, but is also a nation that has a healthcare industry that is in much turmoil. One of the more pivotal influences of this turmoil is nurse turnover rate. Nurse turnover does not have a universal meaning, consequently making it difficult to associate turnover rates in healthcare facilities and geographical areas. In all actuality, â€Å"Nurse turnover is an undesirable trend for healthcare employers. It s expensive, it s disruptive, and it threatensRead MoreDefinition Essay on Bullying708 Words   |  3 Pagesopens the door that there was a problem at school. Normally, the first thought that comes to mind is that someone was being a bull y in school. Nowadays, bullying is a major deal, and there’s always different ways of bullying, but the three most common are verbal bullying, physical bullying, and cyber bullying. To start off, is physical bullying, which is self-explanatory in reality but can get out of hand. People who get bullied physically are within body contact of their bully. For example,Read MoreThe Issue Of Bullying At School951 Words   |  4 Pagesassignment I am going to describe an issue that I passionate about it. Bully is an issue that destroys a family specialist the kid involve in the situation. Those children can experience negative physical, school, and mental health issues. Kids who are bullied are more likely to experience. Depression and anxiety, increased feelings of sadness and loneliness, changes in sleep and eating patterns, and loss of interest in activities they used to enjoy. These issues may persist into adulthood. Three actionsRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Teenagers830 Words   |  4 PagesBullying is the use of a superior strength or influence to intimidate someone, typically to force the individual to do what one wants. Bullying is a behavior that in tentionally hurts someone physically or emotionally acted by an individual or group. Bullying can take many forms and is often motivated by prejudice against a particular group; for example, on the grounds of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or any physical or mental disability. Stopping violence and ensuring safety is obviouslyRead MoreBullying Is A Type Of Unwanted Aggressive Behavior Among Individuals1110 Words   |  5 PagesBullying Jonae Herring PSY 150- 5152 Introduction What is bullying? There is no universal definition of the term bullying. However, it is widely agreed upon that bullying is a type of unwanted aggressive behavior among individuals. A bully is defined as one who uses superior strength or influence to intimidate. It is common for us to think that bullying most likely takes place at school but now, bullying can be found anywhere. Bullying has recently been blamed for the increasing number of suicidesRead MoreBullying Is Defined As Unwanted Aggressive Behaviors By A Youth Or Group Of Youth1325 Words   |  6 PagesYouth Bullying Issue Statement Bullying is defined as unwanted aggressive behaviors by another youth or group of youth, who are not sibling or current dating partners, involving an observed or perceived power in balance and is repeated multiple times or highly likely to be repeated (CDC 2016). Bullying can result in physical injuries, social and emotional difficulties and academic problems. An estimate of 2.7 million youth are victims to bullying and estimated 160,000 children miss school everyRead MoreEfforts to Fight Cyber Bullying1182 Words   |  5 Pagesmimic its treacherous definitional predecessors. The click of a mouse has cause youthful individuals to commit suicide and live lifestyles that are indulged in depression. Cyber bullying is a fairly new type of violence and this is why it is so hard to counter. One of the most prominent forms of counter-cyber bullying that the United States implements is through legislations, which have resulted in mixed results. Psychologist and Sociologist agree that the negative reinforcement approach doesn’tRead MoreThe Dangers Of Cyber Bullying Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesIt is important to understand that technology has been the main source for these bullies to go from traditional bullying to cyber-bullying. Today, there is a significant changed because now teenagers own a device and have easy access to the use of technology. According to the Family Community Health (Kiriakidis Kavoura, Volume 33, 2010) it is stated, â€Å"these methods of communication cannot always be monitored by parents who may not be as capable as their children in using information technology

Essay about Benefits of Legilaizing Marijuana - 1008 Words

Benefits of Legilaizing Marijuana Cannabis sativa or marijuana has been cultivated for over 5,000 years. The plant spreads like milkweed and will eventually run out any other plants nearby. In the wild, or grown with care marijuana can grow to be 3 - 20 feet high. The plant itself can be used for rope, material, medicine or for smoking. But, whatever way you choose to use this plant, it is illegal. It was made a law in the early 1900s that it was illegal to smoke, eat, or get high from this plant. The plants only legal use was for rope and materials. Even this was controlled by the government though. In the 1960s and 1970s a group of youth stereotyped as Hippies were using marijuana on a regular basis to get high. This†¦show more content†¦Although the government and people would benefit, it would have a bad side. After many years of fighting to keep it illegal, the government would have to spend millions on new laws, regulations, and plans. Also the government has made treaties with other countrie s on keeping the world drug-free. America being the largest supporter of a drug-free society would be absolutely hypocritical to go and legalize. Other countries would become angry and think of us as money greedy, drug smoking fools. This would also hurt other countries because America would be a large drug trafficking area where people would come and buy a large amount and export to the still drug-free countries. Americas reputation could go down the drain. Not only would Americas reputation go down but also the fears of American citizens conducting every day life stoned from marijuana is a scary thought. The effects of marijuana are not alcohols but would impair a persons driving ability. Accidents would increase. People who would abuse the drug would not only jeopardize themselves but also others. It would have to be treated as driving while drinking and stiff laws and enforcement would have to be inflicted. These are the downsides to the drug, but with proper laws and m ethods the drug turn into money for the government. If the government played it right, they could make billions of dollars from this one plant. In the early 1990s the number one legal cash crop, corn, brought 16

Comparative Global Business System

Question: Describe about the Comparative Global Business System. Answer: History The African continent is inspires the world in terms of civilization and extraction of human origin. Archeological research support the fact that development of mankind occurred in Africa. First time in Africa, when only proto-bacteria to dinosaur dwells special kind of Ape known as Australopithecines appeared walk on two legs. The existence of Neolithic rock carving makes a point of existence of hunting and gathering culture in the grassland of Sahara Dessert of North Africa. Interesting fact is that Africa started agriculture in 6000 B.C. the break from Africa to the wider world occurs 100,000 years ago when a group moves towards North Africa. Africa is the oldest and enduring landmass of the world (Shillington, 2012). Figure showing culture of ancient Africa source (Shillington, 2012) Economic status Africa has a wide difference in terms of economy. Parts of sub-Saharan Africe are in the lower rank in terms of Gross National Income it has GNI of $765 per person in a year. Ethiopia and Burundi have the lowly GNI of $90 of per person. Countries with middle income people such as Gabon and Botswana contain moderate income level. While, North Africa are in better position than Sub-Saharan where economics are stable along with trade and tourism is high (BBC NEWS, 2016). Figure showing different income in different parts of Africa source (BBC NEWS, 2016). Education The education of Africa is under crisis with 128 million school-aged children 17 million never even attending school. On that among 800, 00 students 213,000 failed in the end of school examination. Though Africa contributed 6% of its GDP in education but the quality of education is not there for every student. Childrens in most areas had to travel 30km to go their schools. The schools in Africa mostly lack quality teaching and proper structured process in learning. There are 11 official languages in South Africa but most often they are teach in English especially math and science. The rate of absenteeism is also more in African schools (Nishimura and Yamano, 2013). Figure showing level of education in South Africa source (Nishimura and Yamano, 2013) Political The African people face problems in relation with leadership. It became the main problem for its political instability. Political turmoil affects the growth, infrastructure as well industrialization in Africa. Mostly, the leaders faced nation-building along with the hold of political power. The growth of conflict, along with terrorism in North Africa and Middle East and political violence in province of East Africa which enables the rise of political instability. Since 2010, many countries experienced political risk in which Africa is one of them. Political instability became a block for companies of Africa. The political violence in Nigeria along with northeastern border Cameroon, Niger and Chad made thousands of people to lost their life. In the north Libya faced the civil war with General Khalifa and Haftar along with the Islamic groups like Ansar al-Sharia (Halpern, 2015). Figure showing political instability in Africa source (Halpern, 2015) Employment The education of Africa is in crisis the only way is the vocational training that they take most of the time. But, with competition employment with vocational training is not enough. South Africa leads the unemployment rate with 25% in 2015. The rate increased to 26.7% in March. The ratio increased within last three months comparing with the ratio of January which was 24.5%. Since 2000, South Africa lowest unemployment rate was 21.50%. The reason for such rate in unemployment is because of legacy of apartheid, crisis in education and training, weaker in demand for labor and lack of entrepreneurial interest. Along with that increase rate of crime is also the reason for high unemployment rate (Anyanwu, 2013). Figure showing South Africa unemployment rate Source (Anyanwu, 2013). Infrastructure Africa has a poor infrastructure, though the President of South of Africa planed to spend $97 billion on infrastructure over the next three years. The concentration on infrastructure is to access return on certain investments. Africa suffers from low level of productivity in agriculture with constant famines. Rural infrastructure can be explained as poor in terms of transportation, irrigation, energy and telecommunication. The given study explains that its infrastructure deficit accumulates as a barrier for the growth of Africa. While, some estimates puts on the budget of Nigeria alone with $15 billion per year. The African Bank issued $40 billion bond for the development of its infrastructure (Herbst, 2014). Figure showing Africas infrastructure in comparison with the needs Source (Herbst, 2014) Development Rate The growth of Africa has slowed down to a measurable extent coming to 3.0% in 2015 from 4.5% in 2014. Among these years the weakest pace is from 2009. Per capita growth has slowed down weighted down by the growth of population. The price of oil, gas minerals and metals has force to lower to a great extent. Africa being the leader of exporter deeply affected from the falling price of commodities. It gives pressure to the current account as well as fiscal balance. Rising violence and the conflicts further hampers the development of Africa. The cost of doing business in Africa in short hampers the growth and productivity level (Cammett, 2013). Figure showing the GDP growth of Africa and Asia Source (Cammett, 2013) Worldwide raking of Africa South Africa positioned as 53rd in the most spirited country out of 148 countries reviewed in 2013/2014 in the competitiveness Index World Economic Forums Global. Global growth currently measures 3.1% in 2015 which is projected to grow 3.6% in 2017. The Ivory Coast Africa is the fastest growing economy. The West African nations are expected to grow on 8.5% this year (Hardoy et al., 2013). Figure showing world GDP Source ( Hardoy et al., 2013) Export Import Botswana and South Africa are major exporting countries of the Africa. South Africa is one the prime manufacturer in gold and diamonds. The nation consists of a well defined system in law. The key exporters of African nation are the palm oil, oil, gold and diamond, timber, cocoa, and precious metals. Nigeria is the worlds largest oil producer as it produces 3.2 million barrels per day. Sudan, Equatorial Guinea and Angola also exports oil to other countries. African mainly imports medical supplies and food. Other than that they import chemicals, petroleum products, scientific instruments, machinery and equipment (A Turning Point for Agricultural Exports to Sub-Saharan Africa, 2016). Figure showing Sub-Saharan Africa agricultural imports 2014 source (A Turning Point for Agricultural Exports to Sub-Saharan Africa, 2016) Reference List: BBC NEWS. (2016).News.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 19 May 2016. Shillington, K. (2012).History of Africa. Palgrave Macmillan. Nishimura, M. and Yamano, T., 2013. Emerging private education in Africa: determinants of school choice in rural Kenya.World Development,43, pp.266-275. Halpern, M. (2015).Politics of Social Change: In the Middle East and North Africa. Princeton University Press. Anyanwu, J. C. (2013). Characteristics and macroeconomic determinants of youth employment in Africa.African Development Review,25(2), 107-129. Herbst, J. (2014).States and power in Africa. Princeton University Press. Cammett, M. (2013). Development and Underdevelopment in the Middle East and North Africa. Hardoy, J.E., Mitlin, D. and Satterthwaite, D., 2013.Environmental problems in an urbanizing world: finding solutions in cities in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Routledge.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

First Person Shooter free essay sample

This essay explores the evidence in support of a correlative and/or causal relationship between video game violence and increased aggression in children. A variety of studies are cited, including independent studies, longitudinal studies, meta-analyses and physiological experiments. The conclusion of the writer is that there is sufficient evidence to support the increase in aggression in children is causally affected by their exposure to video game violence. First Person Shooter Rapid gunshots filled the air, then muffled moans and shrieks sounded in the living room. The phone rang for the sixth time in the kitchen before Mom could answer with a breathless, â€Å"Hello? † She listened intently as the voice of Christian’s teacher on the other end explained that earlier that day Christian had threatened to â€Å"blow up the school. † â€Å"But he’s only in the third grade,† Mom thought as she quietly hung up the phone. She turned toward the living room where the cries of the wounded emerged as more shots were fired and shouted, â€Å"Christian, turn that video game off. . we need to talk! † For decades psychologists have studied the effect of violent television programming on children. Now a new source of media violence has worked its insidious way into children’s lives. Although it is only an emerging body of research, the evidence is clear. Video game violence makes children more aggressive. The History In America today, â€Å"youth between 8 and 18 spend over 40 hours per week using some type of media† (Anderson, 2003, p. 143). Television is still the most common form of media involvement, but video game play is rapidly growing in popularity. In this essay the term video game is used to refer to games played on any electronic system ranging from console stations, to hand-held devices, to computers. The advent of video games first emerged in 1977 with the introduction of Pong – a simple game similar to digital ping-pong. In the relatively short period of time since then, the graphics and realism of video games has increased exponentially. By the early 1990s, it became apparent that violent video games sold better and formatting of the games evolved from a third-person viewpoint to â€Å"first-person shooter†. In this format, the view of the player is as if they are the character and can see through his eyes, rather than seeing the whole character. The action in these games takes place as if the player is firing the gun, or stabbing the victim, or using his own fists. The high level of violence the player must display in these games is glamorized, reinforced, and rewarded. The relationship between the violence kids see and how they behave is not quantifiable, but numerous recent experiments reveal that even minimal exposure to such violence can cause an increase in aggressive behavior. The Evidence One longitudinal psychological study revealed that â€Å"viewing. . . violence at age 8 was a significant and positive predictor of serious adult criminality twenty-two years later independent of social class, intellectual achievement, or parenting variables† (as cited in Smith Donnerstein, 2003, p. 74). Many individual studies show a correlation between video game violence and increased aggression, but to get a clearer picture of the danger we turn to meta-analyses. Meta-analyses are statistical summaries of all empirical studies relating to a particular topic. They provide researchers with a more accurate statistical estimate of the effects considered in the studies. According to Anderson in his meta-analytic study of the effects of video game violence on aggression, â€Å"Overall, the results showed that exposure to violent video games significantly increases aggressive behavior, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and aggressive cognition† (p. 53) and that it causes a significant reduction in pro-social behavior. It was concluded that effects of exposure to violent video games on aggressive behavior in children has a more significant impact than the effects of second-hand cigarette smoke, the effects of calcium on bone density, and the effect of doing homework on academic performance. Another meta-analysis reviewed the data from twenty-eight studies in regard to the effect of video game violence on aggressiveness in children. Bensley Van Eenwyk (2001) determined that â€Å"Three of four studies using behavioral observations of aggression during freeplay found that violent video game play causes increased aggression or aggressive play immediately after the video game†(p. 253). Many of the psychological studies of the relationship between exposure to video game violence and increased aggression in children are correlation and do not show a direct causal effect. Other factors that can contribute to increased have to be considered in such correlation studies where causality cannot be proven. However, a new type of study by Webber, Ritterfeld, Mathiak, (2006) provide us with empirical physiological evidence that video games do increase aggression in a causal relationship. In this study, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was used to take brain scans of activity in the parts of the brain associated with aggression immediately following exposure to violent video game activity. The part of the brain studied was the frontal lobe which had previously been determined to show reduced activity in anterior cingulated cortex (ACC) activity in teens with diagnosed â€Å"antisocial conduct and aggressive behavior disorders† (p. 2). The findings of Webber, Ritterfeld, Mathiak, are astonishing and provide definitive physiological evidence that exposure to video game violence causes an immediate response in the part of the brain where aggression is processed. The results of corresponding fMRI test by Matthews et al. (2005) reveal that â€Å"after high violent exposure to virtual violence, adolescents with no psychopathological history demonstrated the same reduced [ACC] brain activity in the frontal lobe as a control group of adolscents diagnosed with aggressive/disruptive behavior disorders† (as cited in Webber, Ritterfeld, Mathiak, 2006 p. 3) It was further concluded that the reduction in brain activity in the ACC â€Å"occur exclusively in the immediate vicinity of violent game play and predominantly follow virtual violent activities in time† (Webber, Ritterfeld, Mathiak, 2006 p. 47). While the body of research is still small, the evidence supporting the negative results of exposure to violent video games is expanding rapidly and clearly suggests that all children, ranging from the very young to at-risk adolescents, are vulnerable to the damaging effects of the violence they are xposed to in repeated violent video game- play. Who Is At Risk? With the evidence accumulating, it would be irresponsible to assume that large segments of the population are immune to the negative impact that video game violence clearly has. As reported in the 2010 Youth Violence Fact Sheet issued by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2010), â€Å"in 2007, 5,764 young people ages 10 to 24 were murdered—an average of 16 each day. Homicide was the 2nd leading cause of death for young people ages 10 to 24 [and] 84% were killed with a firearm. In 2008, more than 656,000 young people ages 10 to 24 were treated in emergency departments for injuries sustained from violence† (p. 1). The CDC fact sheet provides further data about violence and school-age children by stating â€Å"In a 2009 nationally-representative sample of youth in grades 9-12: 17. 5% reported carrying a weapon (gun, knife or club) on one or more days in the past 30 days [and that] between 1992 and 2006, 116 students were killed in 109 separate incidents – an average of 16. 5 student homicides each year† (p. 2). The results are clear across the board that violent video games have a negative causal effect that can increase aggressiveness in all children, yet some specialized groups may be more deeply affected by this increase in aggressive tendencies. The Young Player Young children (ages 10 to 12) are potentially at greater risk for increased aggression and other harmful effects because they are still learning social scripts. The social rules children develop early are referred to as scripts and become wired into the psyche where they tell the individual what to do, how to react and what is expected in common, everyday social settings. According to Funk, (2003), â€Å"It is well established that children learn general social rules and specific behaviors from repeated cycles of observation, practice and reinforcement. Such cycles are integral to playing violent video games† (p. 171). Funk, proposed that â€Å"a child could develop and internalize scripts for situations that trigger aggression [by] playing violent video games. If such scripts are derived from unreal violence that has no negative consequences [in the game-play], then the child’s response to violence in real life will. . . lack] recognition of the true consequences of violent actions and violence will be seen as a reasonable [response] in many interpersonal situations† (pp. 171-2). Very young children face another challenge when it comes to their developing psyche and the influence of video games – learning the basic constructs of morality. The development of morality in children continues throughout childhood as their higher-order emotions mature. Funk, supported this opinion stating, â€Å"The violent actions required by these [violent video] games are devoid of moral emotion and moral judgment† (p. 73). Professor Lasch-Quinn, (2003) reports that â€Å"Psychologists agree that the basic minimum requirements for the formation of moral conscience in children is the early development of a sense of empathy for others† (p. 50). Young children may suffer from impairment of moral development because the video games lack the normal connection between committing violent acts and realistic moral evaluation, in addition to depersonalizing the victims in the games and downplaying the perceived harm the victim receives. At-Risk Kids Another building block of the moral framework that children are constructing as they grow is that of attitude. Pro-violence attitudes are more prevalent in at-risk children such as victims of abuse or inner-city gang members (Funk, 2003 p. 174). The attitude of these at-risk children toward violence develops from a series of real-life experiences where violence is experienced as the primary way to express and resolve conflict. They view violence differently because it is something they encounter as part of daily life. Pro-violence attitudes are also prevalent in children who bully. According to Funk, victims of abuse, inner-city gang involved children and bullies â€Å"can now be identified as ‘high-risk’ with some degree of certainty† (p. 177) for developing aggressive behaviors as a result of violent video game interaction. Children with various cognitive and behavioral problems are also at greater risk. Funk stated that â€Å"It is well established that children with hostile knowledge structures. . . tend to misinterpret the actions of others as having hostile intent, [and] are more likely to behave in an aggressive manner† (p. 179). The evidence from the research supports the correlational and causal effects of violent video games on aggression in children and reflects that while all children are at risk, some groups may be more susceptible to the damaging effects. Conclusions As violent video games become an ever more popular form of entertainment for children, psychologists have increased their efforts to determine the relationship between the violence and increased aggression in children. Many studies reveal strong correlational data suggesting a direct link between interacting with violent video games and increased aggression. New physiological studies are able to pinpoint that certain areas of the brain that control aggression are affected by exposure to violent video game-play. Emerging data shows that while all children are at risk for an increased level of aggression due to violent video game play, certain groups are at greater risk for these disastrous results. As the number and variety of studies grow, it is clear that violent video games cause children to be aggressive.